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What Types of Psychotherapy

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7 views

What Types of Psychotherapy

Presentation

Uploaded by

evelynndaimonas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WHAT TYPES OF

PSYCHOTHERAPY DO
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
PRACTICE?
1
The Past
and
Present
7 Times!
Seven times since 1960,
researchers have surveyed
the Division of Clinical
Psychology (Division 12)
of the American
Psychological Association
to assess, among other
things, the type or
orientation of psychotherapy
that its members practice.
Eclectic/Integrative
therapy
The most commonly endorsed orientation in
every survey summarized in the table up until 2010,
when it fell to second place.

That is, over the past half century, more


psychologists have described themselves as
“mutts” who blend multiple approaches or use an
assortment of therapies than as “purebreds” who
practice one type exclusively.

Additional research has confirmed that combined


orientations remain extremely common, not only
among clinical psychologists but among
psychotherapists more broadly.
Cognitive therapy
Has witnessed a remarkable rise in
popularity.The unpopularity of the cognitive
approach suggested it was hardly worth
including on these surveys, but by 2010, it had
become by far the most commonly endorsed
single-school approach and had also overtaken
the eclectic/integrative approach.

The orientation has been so dominant that


some authors have speculated about the
possibility of it overtaking the field.
Even among those therapists
who endorse a singular orientation
rather than calling themselves
eclectic, the actual techniques
they use often fall outside the
boundaries of their singular
orientation.
Psychodynamic/
Psychoanalytic
The
therapy
endorsement of
psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy has
declined significantly since 1960, when it far
exceeded any other single approach and rivaled
the eclectic/integrative approach in terms of
popularity.

In 2010, only 18% of clinical psychologists


endorsed it as their primary orientation—about half
the percentage reported in 1960.
Another survey!
The same survey offers a
description of the formats, or
modalities, most commonly
used by clinical psychologists.

The next table presents


highlights of these results for
clinical psychologists
responding to the most recent
edition of the survey.
Regardless of the type of
therapy, it has become increasingly
evident that clients enter therapy
at various points regarding
willingness to change.

Simply put, some clients are


quite ready to change when they
enter therapy, whereas others are
not.
Psychotherapy researchers have developed and provided
empirical support for a stages of change model to describe the
various points where clients may fall in terms of readiness.
Specifically, clients may enter therapy at one of these five
stages:

● Precontemplation stage = no intention to change at all.


These clients are largely unaware of their problems, and
they may have been pressured to enter therapy by family
or friends who are more aware than they are themselves.
● Contemplation stage - aware that a problem exists,
considering doing something to address it, but not ready to
commit to any real effort in that direction. These clients are
often ambivalent and are not yet willing to give up the
benefits of the behavior they recognize as somewhat
problematic.
● Preparation stage - intending to take action within
a short time (e.g., weeks, a month). These clients
may be taking small steps but have not made
significant or drastic change.
● Action stage - actively changing behavior and
making notable efforts to overcome their problems.
More than any other stage, this stage requires
sustained effort and commitment to the therapeutic
goals.
● Maintenance stage - preventing relapse and
retaining the gains made during the action stage.
This stage lasts indefinitely,
2
The
Future
How?!

The practice of
psychotherapy among
clinical psychologists has
certainly changed in the
past half century. How
might it change in the
near future?
70 psychotherapy experts, including many others
in the field, were surveyed about the trends they foresee
for the near future. The results included several
provocative predictions, including a rise in the use of:

• mindfulness-based approaches to therapy,


• cognitive and behavioral approaches to
therapy,
• multicultural approaches to therapy,
• eclectic/integrative approaches to therapy,
• therapies involving the use of the Internet and
other forms of technology, and;
• evidence-based practice.
Eclectic and
Integrative
Approaches
Eclectic and Integrative approaches to
psychotherapy hold a unique position among
clinical psychologists, as we have seen.

Whereas the various single-school forms of


therapy have risen and fallen in popularity
over the years, eclectic/integrative therapy
has remained at or near the top of the
list in terms of popularity.
Eclectic therapy involves selecting the best
treatment for a given client based on empirical data from
studies of the treatment of similar clients. In other words,
a truly eclectic therapist turns to the empirical literature
as soon as the diagnosis is made and practices whatever
technique the literature prescribes for that diagnosis.

Meanwhile Integrative approach to therapy, on the


other hand, involves blending techniques in order to
create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy. An
integrative therapist may combine elements of
psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, or
other therapies into a personal therapy style applied to a
wide range of clients.
More recently, an alternative to the
eclectic and integrative approaches has
emerged: an assimilative approach, in
which the therapist maintains “a firm
grounding in one system of psychotherapy,
with a willingness to selectively
incorporate (assimilate) practices and views
from other systems”.
Thanks
!
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