BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT

MANAGEMENT
Lecturers : Prof . Nguyễn Văn Hùng
Assoc. Prof. Nguyễn Hải Đăng
MSc . Nguyễn Lâm Cường

Assistant Lecturers :
Dr. Nguyễn Tường Lan
Ms : Đỗ Hoàng Yến

Academic Year : 2024-2025

 Lecture 6

Project Organization
 B – Project Organization

1- What is an Organization?
*An organization is a group or groups of individuals who share the
purpose of accomplishing a goal.
* Each organization is defined by the culture and style, called norms,
that they create.
* Cultural norms are shaped by the experiences of the organization
and will develop over time.
*The experiences can be items such as risk management, diversity,
values, leadership, or accountability.

Norm /nɔːm/a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected, qui

tắc, qui phạm, tiêu chuẩn, định chuẩn.
Project Stakeholders

“Project stakeholders are individuals and organisations who are actively involved in the
project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project
execution or successful project completion”.
Government Bodies
(Sponsorships)
 The State Powers of VIETNAM

• Legislative Executive Judicial

• Power Power Power

• QUYỀN LẬP PHÁP Q. HÀNH PHÁP Q. TƯ PHÁP

 System of the National Powers
in Viet nam
Legislature - Executive-Judiciary
legislature/ˈledʒɪslətʃə(r)/ a group of people who have the power to make and change
laws
National Assembly - cơ quan lập pháp. Quốc hội

Executive noun /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ a person who has an important job as a manager of a

company or an organization,
Government - cơ quan hành pháp, chính phủ
Judiciary noun /dʒuˈdɪʃəri/ the judges of a country or a state, when they are
considered as a group,
Highest People’s Court and Procuracy - Cơ quan tư pháp
 Ministries of the Government
There are 18 Ministries (Bộ), each is headed by a Minister (Bộ trưởng):[2]
•Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bộ Ngoại giao)
•Ministry of Defence (Bộ Quốc phòng)
•Ministry of Public Security (Bộ Công an)
•Ministry of Home Affairs (Bộ Nội vụ)
•Ministry of Justice (Bộ Tư pháp)
•Ministry of Finance (Bộ Tài chính)
•Ministry of Industry and Trade (Bộ Công thương)
•Ministry of Planning and Investment (Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư)
•Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn)
•Ministry of Construction (Bộ Xây dựng)
•Ministry of Transport (Bộ Giao thông Vận tải)
•Ministry of Education and Training (Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo)
•Ministry of Science and Technology (Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ)
•Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường)
•Ministry of Information and Communications (Bộ Thông tin và Truyền thông)
•Ministry of Health (Bộ Y tế)
•Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (Bộ Lao động - Thương binh và Xã hội)
•Ministry of Culture Sports and Tourism (Bộ Văn hóa, Thể thao và Du lịch)
 4 Ministry-Level Agencies
• Government Office (Văn phòng Chính phủ), headed by a
Chief (Chủ nhiệm)
• Government Inspectorate (Thanh tra Chính phủ), headed
by an Inspector-General (Tổng Thanh tra)
• State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam),
headed by a Governor (Thống đốc)
• Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs (Ủy ban Dân tộc),
headed by a Chief (Chủ nhiệm)
 8 Other Government-dependent Agencies

•Vietnam Television or VTV (Đài Truyền hình Việt Nam), headed by a General director
(Tổng Giám đốc)
•Vietnam News Agency or TTXVN (Thông tấn xã Việt Nam), headed by a General
director (Tổng Giám đốc)
•Voice of Vietnam or VOV (Đài Tiếng nói Việt Nam), headed by a General director (Tổng
Giám đốc)
•Commission for the Management of State Capital at Enterprises or CMSC (Ủy ban
Quản lý vốn Nhà nước tại doanh nghiệp), headed by a Chairperson (Chủ tịch)
•Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Management (Ban Quản lý Lăng Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh),
headed by a Chief (Trưởng ban)
•Vietnam Social Security (Bảo hiểm Xã hội Việt Nam), headed by a General Director
(Tổng Giám đốc)
•Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Xã hội Việt Nam),
headed by a President (Chủ tịch)
•Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ
Việt Nam), headed by a President (Chủ tịch)
 Overview of Legal Documents System
in Vietnam
• Constitution

• The Constitution is promulgated by the National Assembly and is the basic

legal normative document, having the highest legal validity in Vietnam.
• The Constitution is the ground for promulgating other
legal normative documents, such as the Code and Law. All other
documents must be consistent with the Constitution, and it is prohibited
to promulgate legal documents contradictory with the Constitution.
• The Constitution promulgated on November 28, 2013, has the highest legal
validity and is currently being applied in Vietnam.
 Overview of Legal Documents
System in Vietnam
• Code and Law

- Code and Law have similar functions and are issued by the National
Assembly.
- The main difference between Code and Law is that the governing scope of
Code is usually broader.

- Accordingly, the Code includes the totality of legal norms governing social
relations in one or more different fields, for example, the -Civil Code, the
Maritime Code, the Labor Code, etc.
 The promulgation of the Code/Law
• The promulgation of the Code/Law must undergo a stringent process
(specified in the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents) .
• Normally, this process includes: formulating a law
– making program;
– drafting laws;
– verification of the law project;
– public consultation
– discussing,
– Internalizing,
– revising, and approving the law program;
– law publication.

Promulgation: / ¸prɔməl´geiʃən /, sự công bố, sự ban hành, sự thông báo chính

thức (một đạo luật, một sắc lệnh..), sự truyền bá, sự phổ biến ...
 Law making process in Vietnam

Draf
Collection of comments
Proposal/ Law development Assessment
Law development
recommendation program Finalization
Deliberation/comment
by the Gov.
Standing committee of NA

Deliberation/ Review and

modification/ Verification
comment
approval
National Assembly, Standing committee Ethnic council and
1 or 2 sessions of NA Committees of NA

Promulgation President
 DECREES (Nghị định)

Decrees issued by the Government usually detail the articles, clauses

and points assigned in the Code and Law, stipulating specific
measures to organize the implementation of the Code and Law.
•In some cases where there are necessary issues within the
competence of the National Assembly or Standing Committee of the
National Assembly but they have not satisfied the conditions of
formulating a Code/Law to meet the requirements of State
management or socio-economic management, the Government also
promulgates decrees to regulate these issues in case the National
Assembly Standing Committee approved.
 Circular (Thông tư)

• Circular
Circulars are usually issued by Ministers and Heads of Ministerial-level
agencies to set out articles, clauses in the Code, Laws and Decrees, as
well as prescribe measures to perform the State management
function of Ministers, Heads of Ministerial-level agencies (such as
detailed regulations on procedures, forms).
 Kinds of Projects in VN

• National Project
• Ministerial Project
• Provincial Project
• University/ Institutional Project
Structure of the United Nations
 United Nation Projects

- UNDP (United Nations Development Program)

- UNOPS (UN Office for Project Services) provides infrastructure,
procurement and project management services to help build the
future. To support the achievement of the Sustainable…
-FAO Projects: Food and Agriculture Organization
-UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural
Organization): Green Chemistry research Projects…
Jury of UNESCO Projects : Green
Chemistry
 The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland)

The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest

UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters (New York City).
United Nations General Assembly hall
Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City
Statue of Liberty
 Statue of Liberty
The statue represents a Roman Goddess. The
statue's name derives from the Goddess it
represents; Libertas, a Roman deity
personifying freedom. Libertas appears on
Roman coins from the period of Julius Caesar's
assassination, supporting the Republic.
Deity/ˈdeɪəti/, /ˈdiːəti a god or goddess
Libertas (Tiếng Latinh: liberty) là một vị thần thần thoại La Mã và Liberty
(nữ thần). Các ngôi đền và cảm hứng bắt nguồn.
International Court of Justice
Lady Justice -Justitia
United Nations security council
United Nations Economic and Social Council
United Nations Trusteeship Council
Which organization makes law ?

• Congress (USA ;RUSSIA )

• National assembly (Viet Nam, China)
• Parliament (France )
Introduction of United States Congress

United States Congress

United States Senate United States House

(Upper House ) of Representatives
Thượng nghị viện (Lower House )
Hạ nghị Viện
United States Capitol
The north (top) and south (bottom) sides of
the White House in Washington, D.C.
 Refreshment

Assoc. Professor Nguyễn Hải Đăng

 B – Project Organization

2. Project Organizational Structure Types

*There are three main types of structures to consider when organizing a

project:
- Projectized / ˈprɒdʒektaizd / (pure)
- Functional
- Matrix organizations

Each type is characterized by the project manager's authority and role,

resource availability, budget responsibility, and whether or not a project
management staff is available.
Let's discuss each type of project organization.
 B – Project Organization

3. Projectized //ˈprɒdʒektaizd/ (Pure) Organizations

*A projectized (pure) organization is characterized by total

project manager authority and dedicated resources. The project
manager is full-time and has budget responsibility, and the
administrative staff is on the project full-time.

*Projectized organizations are designed solely to run projects,

which means that when the project is completed, personnel have to
find another project or not have a job. This is both an advantage
and disadvantage of the projectized organization. An example of
this type of organizational structure would be used in a government
project management unit (PMU). In this organization, if personnel
complete a project, they need to find another project to continue to
work.
 Projectized (pure) Organization

*A "Projectized (pure) organization" is a model of a business where

project managers have total control over the project when they are
overseas.
*Central control at the managerial level must be weak for this to
occur. Put simply, a "projectized (pure) organization" might also be
termed a "task force.“

•In the case of a "pure project," the leader of this task force would
have to be given total authority for a limited period to solve a
particular problem.
•In business, it is a great challenge to find an example of such purity.
 The Task Force

* In politics, the concept of a "task force" that approximates the total

control over a specific project under a "manager" of sorts is not hard
to find.
* In Latin America, poor and divided governments have struggled to
control the drug lords who can outshoot and outspend the state.
* From the 1960s to 2011, Latin American states have dealt both
with leftist terrorism and drug violence -- occasionally the same thing,
as in Peru -- by either declaring a state of emergency or installing a
military government.
outshoot
outspend
task force noun /ˈtɑːsk fɔːs/ a military force that is brought together
and sent to a particular place, đội đặc nhiệm
Structure of the Projectized (Pure) Organization
 The Projectized (pure) Organization

• Advantages
– Effective and efficient for large projects
– Resources available as needed
– Broad range of specialists
– Short lines of communication
• Drawbacks
– Expensive for small projects
– Specialists may have limited technological depth
– May require high levels of duplication for certain specialties

Drawbacks /ˈdrɔːbæk/ a disadvantage or problem that makes something a less

attractive idea , hạn chế , yếu điểm
Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Dự án - Projectized Organization

- Trong Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Dự án, toàn bộ công ty được tổ

chức theo dự án và Giám đốc dự án có quyền kiểm soát dự án.
Nhân sự được giao việc và báo cáo cho Giám đốc dự án. Thành
viên trong nhóm chỉ phải hoàn thành công việc dự án và khi dự
án kết thúc, họ cần được giao cho công việc của một dự án khác
hoặc nhận một công việc với một Giám đốc dự án khác.

- Giám đốc dự án có nhiều quyền lực hơn và kiểm soát được

nguồn lực.

- Giám đốc dự án chịu trách nhiệm trước Chủ đầu tư và Quản lý

cấp cao.
- Các thành viên trong nhóm thường làm việc trong cùng một
văn phòng/địa điểm ảo để tối đa hóa hiệu quả giao tiếp.
- Trong tổ chức có thể có một vài đơn vị chức năng, nhưng
những đơn vị này chỉ có chức năng hỗ trợ chứ không có thẩm
quyền cao hơn Giám đốc dự án.
 4. Functional Organizations

*A functional organization is one in which the project manager

works on a part-time basis and has minimal authority.
*There are few resources, and a functional manager bears the
budget, decision making, and overall responsibility. A project
management administrative staff is available, but like the project
manager, works part time. This type of organization is grouped by
functionality, for instance, marketing, human resources, finance,
may be subdivided further into departments. The department
level will complete projects separately from other departments. A
defining characteristic of the functional organization is that it is a
hierarchy with one clear manager or boss.
Functional Organization : Tổ chức theo chức năng
 Functional Organizations

A functional organization is suited for small companies with

different departments that can work independently of each other and
can provide limited services or goods.
- Advantages of functional organizations include clear direct
authority, direct career development and experience, strong
technical ability, and resource flexibility.
- There are a few disadvantages of the functional organization. For
example, no one is solely accountable for the project, projects are
not emphasized, and there can be plenty of politicking in the
organization.
Structure of Functional Project Organization
 Functional Project Organization

• Advantages
– technological depth
• Drawbacks
– lines of communication outside functional department
slow
– technological breadth
– project rarely given high priority

Breadth /bredθ/the distance or measurement from one side to the other; how broad or
wide something is , bề rộng ,trải rộng
Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Chức năng - Functional Organization

- Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Chức năng chia tổ chức thành các bộ phận theo từng lĩnh
vực chuyên môn hóa. Các dự án thường xảy ra trong nội bộ một phòng ban duy
nhất. Nếu thông tin hay công việc dự án cần một phòng ban khác hỗ trợ, nhân viên
sẽ gửi yêu cầu đến Trưởng phòng của mình để người này truyền đạt đến Trưởng
phòng phòng ban đó. Các thành viên trong nhóm dự án vừa phải hoàn thành công
việc dự án vừa phải hoàn thành công việc của phòng ban mình trực thuộc bình
thường.
- Các phòng ban chức năng có thể bao gồm: Nhân sự, Công nghệ thông tin, Bán
hàng, Tiếp thị, Quản trị, Kế toán, Sản xuất,…
Một thành viên thuộc phòng ban chức năng dưới sự quản lý của Giám đốc Chức
năng sẽ nắm vai trò “Quản lý dự án”.
Giám đốc Chức năng sẽ kiểm soát và ủy quyền nguồn lực thực hiện công việc.
- Vai trò “Quản lý dự án” trong cấu trúc này có thể xem như “Điều phối viên dự
án” hoặc “Người xúc tiến dự án” thay vì là “Giám đốc dự án”.
Quyền lực của “Giám đốc dự án” rất hạn chế.
Matrix Project Organization
 Matrix Project Organization
• Advantages
– flexibility in way it can interface with parent organization
– strong focus on the project itself
– contact with functional groups minimizes projectitis
– ability to manage fundamental trade-offs across several
projects
• Drawbacks
– violation of the unity of command principle
– complexity of managing full set of projects
– conflict
Mixed Project Organization
Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Ma trận - Matrix organizations

- Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Ma trận là một hình thức để tối đa hóa điểm mạnh của
cấu trúc theo Chức năng và cấu trúc theo Dự án. Các thành viên trong nhóm phải
báo cáo công việc cho cả hai Giám đốc là Giám đốc dự án và Giám đốc chức
năng. Các thành viên trong nhóm dự án vừa phải hoàn thành công việc dự án vừa
phải hoàn thành công việc của phòng ban mình trực thuộc bình thường.
- Cấu trúc tổ chức theo Ma trận được chia thành Ma trận Yếu, Ma trận Cân bằng
và Ma trận Mạnh dựa trên việc so sánh tương đối quyền hạn của người Giám đốc
dự án và Giám đốc chức năng.
- Nếu Giám đốc dự án nắm vai trò như “Điều phối viên dự án” hoặc “Người xúc
tiến dự án”, đây là Ma trận Yếu.
Nếu Giám đốc dự án được trao nhiều quyền lực hơn về nhân lực và tài lực, đây là
Ma trận Mạnh.
THE PROJECT TEAM
Characteristics of Effective Project Team Members

• Technically competent
• Politically sensitive
• Problem orientation
• Goal orientation
• High self-esteem
 Matrix Team Problems

• Functional matrix
– PM has no direct reports
– Ability to communicate directly with team members
• Matrix projects
– Important to maintain good morale
– Project office
Intrateam Conflict

• Life cycle phase and source of conflict

• Name-only team
• Interpersonal conflict
 MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS –

BALANCING PLEASURE AND PAIN

 Concurrent Engineering

• Carrying out steps concurrently rather than sequentially

– also referred to as simultaneous engineering
• Key advantages
– helps minimize conflict across functional groups
– reduces project duration

Concurrent /kənˈkʌrənt/existing or happening at the same time; cạnh tranh

Sequentially adverb /sɪˈkwenʃəli/in order of time or place; tính liên tục
 Interface Coordination -- Interface Management

• Key challenge facing PM is coordinating work of different

functional groups.
• One approach is to identify and map the interdependencies
between members of the project team.

Interface /ˈɪntəfeɪs/ điều phối nội bộ

An Interface Mapping of a Silicon Chip Design Project
A Coordination Structure Model for
Project Management
Design Structure Matrix (DSM)

• Traditional project management tools tend to focus

on which tasks have to be completed in order for
other to start
• Another important question is what information is
needed from other tasks to complete another task
Example DSM for Project with Six Activities

a b c d e f
a
b X X
c X X
d X X X
e X
f X X X

X -- information flow
Modified DSM to Show Activities to Be Completed
Concurrently

a b c d e f
a
b X O
c X O
d X X X
e X
f X X X

tasks to be completed concurrently

X -- information flow
O -- potential rework situation
Comments on Empowerment and Work Teams

• Participatory management
• Success of empowered teams depends heavily on
how team program implemented

Empowerment /ɪmˈpaʊəmənt/ the act of giving somebody

more control over their own life or the situation they are in;
trao quyền, ủy quyền
 Advantages of Empowerment

• High quality solutions

• Avoid micromanagement
• Team has accountability for part of project deliverable
• Synergistic solutions
• Tool for timely evaluation and feedback

synergistic adjective /ˌsɪnəˈdʒɪstɪk/connected with the extra energy, power,

success, etc. that is achieved by two or more people, companies or elements
working together, instead of on their own, tính hiệp đồng
Questions for the Preparation of the Final Exam

1-Which are the roles and responsibilities of a Project

Manager?
2-What is the leadership?
3-What is an organization?
4-How many types of Structures to consider when
organizing a project? Which are they? (only the title )