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CG4003 - Tutorial 1

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5 views13 pages

CG4003 - Tutorial 1

Uploaded by

arungawle652
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Material balance -

Example
It is desired to concentrate the ethanol content of a
1fermentation
distillation.
product stream by continuous

 The flow rate of the fermentation product (Feed) is 5 x 104


kg/h and it contains (by mass) 10 % ethanol and 90 %
water.
 At steady state operation, the distillate (upstream
outlet flow) contains 45% ethanol and 55% water,
produced at a distillate flow rate of 5 x 103 kg/h

?
Composition and Flow
rate
Material balance -
Example 1
 It is desired to concentrate the ethanol content of a
fermentation product stream by continuous
distillation.
 The flow rate of the fermentation product is 5 x 104
kg/h and it contains (by mass) 10 % ethanol and 90
% water.
 At steady state operation, the distillate contains 45%
ethanol and 55% water, produced at a distillate flow
rate of 5 x 103 kg/h
 Questions
🞑 (a) Perform a material balance on the distillation
column and construct a mass balance table for all
inlet and outlet flows and for all components.
Material balance -
Example
It is desired to concentrate the ethanol content of a
1fermentation product stream by continuous
distillation.
 The flow rate of the fermentation product is 5 x 104
kg/h and it contains (by mass) 10 % ethanol and 90
% water.
 At steady state operation, the distillate contains 45%
ethanol and 55% water, produced at a distillate flow
rate of 5 x 103 kg/h
 Questions
🞑 (a) Perform a material balance on the distillation
column and construct a mass balance table for all
inlet and outlet flows and for all components.
🞑 (b) Determine the composition (by mass %) of the
waste ‘bottoms’
stream from the column.
Material balance -
Example
It is desired to concentrate the ethanol content of a
1fermentation product stream by continuous
distillation.
 The flow rate of the fermentation product is 5 x 104
kg/h and it contains (by mass) 10 % ethanol and 90
% water.
 At steady state operation, the distillate contains 45%
ethanol and 55% water, produced at a distillate flow
rate of 5 x 103 kg/h
 Questions
🞑 (a) Perform a material balance on the distillation
column and construct a mass balance table for all
inlet and outlet flows and for all components.
🞑 (b) Determine the composition (by mass %) of the
waste ‘bottoms’
stream from the column.
solutio
n Basis: one
hour D

𝐹𝑊 =1090 ×50,000= 45000 𝐷𝑊 =1055 ×5,000=


𝑘𝑔 2750 45
𝑘𝑔
0 0
𝐹𝐸 =1010 ×50,000= 5000 𝐷𝐸 = 100×5,000=
𝑘𝑔F 2250 𝑘𝑔
0

𝐵𝑊 =? 𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝐸 =? kg

B
solutio
n
Mass balance:

Accumulation = Input – Output + Generation –


Consumption

 Assume: Steady state operation; No leaks


 Assume: No reaction
Input =
Output
solutio
n
Total Mass : F = D + B B=F-D

𝐵 = 50000 − 5000 =
Every amount of material that enters the column is the same
amount that exits

45000 𝐾𝑔
as a
result:

𝐹𝐸 = 𝐷𝐸
+ 𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸 − 𝐷𝐸
Ethanol Mass:

𝐵𝐸 = 5,000 − 2,250 = 2,750 𝐾𝑔

𝐹𝑊 = 𝐷𝑊
+ 𝐵𝑊 𝐵𝑊 = 𝐹𝑊 − 𝐷𝑊
Water Mass:
solutio
n
Mass Balance Table

Composition of the bottoms? We have 45000 kg of bottom


Ethanol = (2750/45000) * 100 % = 6.1 % stream, with 2750 kg being alcohol.
Water = (42250/45000) * 100 % = 93.9 % Therefore, to calculate the alcohol's
composition, you can simply divide
Water= 100 – 6.1 = 93.9
2750 by 45000.
Material balance -
Example 2
 1.5 dm3/h liquid water at a temperature
of 10 °C enters continuously a
humidifier chamber at the same time
as dry air and 15 mol/min dry oxygen
gas all at the same temperature.
 The out flowing gas is found to contain
1 % by mass water.
 Draw the flow sheet for this process
and find out what was the flow rate of
dry air.
Material balance -
Example
2
 1.5 dm 3/h liquid water at a
temperature of 10 °C enters
continuously a humidifier chamber at
the same time as dry air and 15
mol/min dry oxygen gas all at the
same temperature.
 The out flowing gas is found to
contain 1 % by mass water.
 Draw the flow sheet for this process and
find out what was the flow rate of dry
air.
Solutio
n
1.5 dm3/h liquid
W
water
Out flowing
gas
A
? dry air `1 % w/w P
Humidifi H2O.
er
chambe • We have W and O
r • Calculate P
O 15 mol/min dry
oxygen gas • Total mass balance to
get A
IN = OUT
Assume – all water is removed in exit W+A+O=P
stream

One hour basis : O= 15 * 60 = 900


3
Solutio
n
1.5 𝑑𝑚 →
To convert volume to
1. Convert water input to
3
mass, we need

Density of water = 𝜌𝑘𝑔


mass basis
𝑤 = 1 𝑔Τ𝑐𝑚 =
density
3
1
Volume
1 𝑘𝑔Τ𝐿 of water = 𝑉 = 𝐿 =
1𝑑𝑚
w/ 1.5 𝑑𝑚 ×
3 1.5 𝐿
Input water = 𝑊 = 𝜌𝑤 . 𝑉 = 1 𝑘𝑔Τ𝐿 ×
3

1.5 𝐿 = 1.5 𝑘𝑔
w
H
Every amount of water that enters the column is the same
amount that exits, So
in P stream we have 1.5 kg water.

Water Mass balance IN = OUT = 1.5 kg


1 = 𝑊 × 100 → 𝑃 =1.5 = 150
H2Othat we have values 𝑘𝑔
P : 1 % w/w ×100
Now for W𝑃and P, we can calculate the 1
amount of dry air by
Solutio
n To convert mole to
2. Convert O2 to mass
mass, we need
basis: Molecular weight

15 mol /min = 15 mol * 60


min= 900 mol
O= 900 32weight =
Molecular 28,800 g =
of Oxygen m=n.
M
mol * g/mol 28.8 kg
Overall Mass Balance: P = W + O + A; we want
to solve for A = A = P – W – O
A = 150 kg – 1.5 kg– 28.8 kg= 119.7 kg.

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