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2. Program Cycle

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Princess Diane Labuguen Andres
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5 views

2. Program Cycle

Uploaded by

Princess Diane Labuguen Andres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Program

Development
Cycle
The Program Development Cycle
1.Planning
- Programs are planned before they are actually
written by “programmers”. Writing a program
without first planning it, may lead to a lengthy
process and result to frequent errors.
- The planning stage is the stage where programmers
decide and define the tasks that should be performed
by the program. This involves identifying and defining
the problem in simpler terms, identifying the program
requirements and finally planning for the solution.
2. Designing
- After identifying the needs of the program, the
programmer needs to design the program to come
up with ways to implement solutions.
- This stage with the flow of the program, the way
it should produce the output and gather inputs,
the interface or the working environment of the
program, and how it should be used.
- In planning and designing a program you need to have an
understanding of the logic behind the program performance.
You also need to be acknowledgeable in the theory.
Programming
Languages
1. Fortran
2. Pascal
3. Visual Basic
4. Basic – Beginners all Purpose
symbolic instruction code
Tools in formulating the logic of programs.
1. Algorithms
• A descriptive list of steps for solving a
problem.
Sample problem: the amount of apple per kilo is
equal to 50 pesos. If the customer buys 3 or more
kilos of apples, 5 apples will be discounted for every
kilo. Determine the total cost of apples purchased.
Algorithm solution:
• Read the quantity of apples purchased in kilos.
• Calculate how much it will cost.
• Display the total cost of the purchased apples.
2. Pseudo code
• It is a combination of English phrases and
some computer terms that describe
algorithm steps in detail.
• Paragraph form.

3. Flowchart
• It is the visual representation of an
algorithm or the flow of logic in solving the
problem.
a. Terminal - this symbol represents the
beginning and the end of the program.

b. Arrow / connectors – the arrow points to the next


activity to be done.
c. Initialization – this symbol is used to declare
or define the variables or constants to be used
by the program.

Variable – the memory cells used for storing a program’s


input data and its computational results are called
variables.
Constant – Named item used to specify a name for a
memory cell that will contain a value that does not change
(fixed value).
Variable enclosed in single quote means it will hold a word
or it is called string variable.
d. Input / Output block- used to store
or enter a value into a particular variable
or display the value stored inside a
particular variable or constant. This
symbol is also used for the read and
writes procedures.

e. Decision block – This symbol


represents a decision answerable by YES
or NO. This block is used to compare two
values and based on the result of the
comparison, select one of the two possible
courses of action.
f. Processing block – This symbol
represents an activity that involves
calculations or storing predetermined
value into a variable.
g. On – Page Connectors - the use of
connectors allows us to do away the use of long
arrows. Connectors have their matching
characters inside the circle. If there are many
connectors in the flowchart the characters inside
the circle determines the pairing of the
connectors. There can be many arrows going
into a connector, but only one arrow coming out
of the connector.
3. Coding
- This stage requires an extensive knowledge in
programming language he will use.
- Coding is the act of actual writing of the
computer program. It means generating the
source code in the language of the
programmers’ choice.
- Basic knowledge regarding the computer languages
and its developer is necessary to have a clear
understanding how the coding of the program is
done by the programmer. Encoder
4. Testing and debugging
• The testing stage is where the programmer
makes sure that the program performs the way it is
intended.
• To test the programs credibility better, programmers
usually submit copies of its executable version to the
users or to his clients, who in turn tests the program
by using it and give you feedback if the program
meets their requirements.
• The process of correcting mistakes in a program is
called debugging. Debugging means to detect locate
and correct logical or syntax errors in a program.
5. Documentation
• Documentation usually includes the necessary
information about the requirements of the
program – the operating system and hardware
requirements needed for the program to run.

• It also contains technical information such as


where and who created the program, who to
contact when there’s a problem with the
program and instructions on the use and
maintenance of the program.
6. Maintenance

• The final stage in programming is in


maintaining or updating the program. This is
the stage where the programer is tasked to
keep the program running smoothly and
updated with the developments and
changes in the field where it is used.
Generalization
What are the different
programming cycle?
What is being done in each
stage?
Evaluation
Will you cite other cycles that
you know and based on your
given example what is the effect
of that cycle?

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