Differential Calculus

DON MARK DE LA CRUZ

HIGHER ORDER
DERIVATIVES
Higher-Order Derivatives
Higher-Order Derivatives
Higher-Order Derivatives
Higher-Order Derivatives
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Higher Order Derivatives

𝑦 =√ 𝑥 + 1 2
Higher Order Derivatives
3
𝑦 =𝜋 𝑥 −7 𝑥
Higher Order Derivatives

𝑦 =√ 𝑥+ 5
Higher Order Derivatives

1
𝑦=
3+ 𝑥
Higher Order Derivatives

𝑥+ 1
𝑦=
𝑥 −1
Higher Order Derivatives

𝑦 =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3 𝑥)
IMPLICIT
DIFFERENtATION
S
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
3 2 2
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 + 𝑦 −5 𝑦 − 𝑥 =− 4
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions

)
Implicit and Explicit Functions
)
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Try this.

Find dy/dx by implicit differentiation

1 4

2 5

3 6
RELATED RATES
Finding Related Rates
You have seen how the Chain Rule can be used to find implicitly. Another important use of the Chain Rule is to find the rates of change of two or more related
variables that are changing with respect to time.
Finding Related Rates
You have seen how the Chain Rule can be used to find implicitly. Another important use of the Chain Rule is to find the rates of change of two or more related
variables that are changing with respect to time.
Finding Related Rates
You have seen how the Chain Rule can be used to find implicitly. Another important use of the Chain Rule is to find the rates of change of two or more related
variables that are changing with respect to time.
Two Rates That Are Related
Ripples in a Pond
An Inflating Balloon
The Speed of an Airplane Tracked by Radar
A Changing Angle of Elevation
The Velocity of a Piston
Assignment 10
1 5

4 6
Assignment 10

7
Assignment 10

8
Assignment 10

9
Assignment 10
10

11
Assignment 10
12 13

14
Assignment 10
15
Curves and Tracing
 3 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥)=𝑥 − 25 𝑥 +74 𝑥 − 2
 3 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥)=𝑥 − 25 𝑥 +74 𝑥 − 2
Curve Sketching
Useful topics in graphing a
 x-intercept and y-intercept
function
 symmetry
 domain and range
 continuity
 vertical asymptotes
 differentiability
 relative extrema
 concavity
 points of inflection
 horizontal asymptotes
 infinite limits at infinity
EXTREMA
EXTREMA
EXTREMA
EXTREMA
Relative Extrema
Relative Extrema and Critical Numbers
The Value of the Derivative at Relative

Extrema
Find the value of the derivative at each relative extremum shown
The Value of the Derivative at Relative

Extrema
Find the value of the derivative at each relative extremum shown
Critical Numbers
Critical Numbers
Critical Numbers
Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval
Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval
𝟒 𝟑
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝒇 ( 𝒙)=𝟑 𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙[−1 , 2].
Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval
𝟐
𝟑
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒙 𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 [ −1 ,3 ] .
Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval
Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝒇 ( 𝒙)=𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙[0 , 2 𝜋 ].

Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval
Rolle’s Theorem and the
Mean Value Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem

𝟐
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑥−𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑓 𝒇(𝒙)=𝒙 −3𝑥+2𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑓’(𝑥)=0𝑎𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
Rolle’s Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem
The Mean Value Theorem
The Mean Value Theorem
The Mean Value Theorem
Increasing and Decreasing
Functions and the First
DerivativeTest
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Interval
Test Value

Sign of f’(x)

Conclusion
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
The First Derivative Test
The First Derivative Test
The First Derivative Test

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’(x)
Conclusion
The First Derivative Test
The First Derivative Test

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’(x)
Conclusion
The First Derivative Test
The First
Derivative Test

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’(x)
Conclusion
The First Derivative Test
Concavity and the Second
Derivative Test
Concavity
Concavity
Concavity

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’’(x)
Conclusion
Concavity
Concavity

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’’(x)
Conclusion
Concavity
Points of Inflection
Points of Inflection
Points
of Inflection

Interval
Test Value
Sign of f’’(x)
Conclusion
Points of Inflection
Points of Inflection
The Second Derivative Test
The Second Derivative Test
The Second Derivative Test
Limits at Infinity
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
A Summary of Curve
Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Curve Sketching
Practice Problems
Reflect with these
Reflect with these
Reflect with these
 END OF
LECTURE
Optimization Problems
Applied Minimum and
Maximum Problems
One of the most common applications of calculus involves the determination of
minimum and maximum values. Consider how frequently you hear or read terms such as
greatest profit, least cost, least time, greatest voltage, optimum size, least size, greatest
strength, and greatest distance.
Activity
Optimization Problems
Which points on the graph are closest to the point (0,2)?
Optimization Problems
Optimization Problems
A rectangular page is to contain 24 square inches of print. The margins at the top and
bottom of the page are to be inches, and the margins on the left and right are to be
1 inch (see Figure 3.56). What should the dimensions of the page be so that the least
amount of paper is used?
Optimization Problems
Optimization Problems
Two posts, one 12 feet high and the other 28 feet high, stand 30 feet apart. They are to
be stayed by two wires, attached to a single stake, running from ground level to the top
of each post. Where should the stake be placed to use the least amount of wire?
Optimization Problems
Four feet of wire is to be used to form a square and a circle. How much of the wire
should be used for the square and how much should be used for the circle to enclose the
maximum total area?
Optimization Problems
Solved Optimization Problems
Solved Optimization Problems
Solved Optimization Problems
Solved Optimization Problems
Solved Optimization Problems
Sample Optimization Problems
A farmer plans to fence a rectangular pasture adjacent to a river (see figure).
The pasture must contain 245,000 square meters in order to provide enough
grass for the herd. No fencing is needed along the river. What dimensions will
require the least amount of fencing?
Sample Optimization Problems
A Norman window is constructed by adjoining a semicircle to the top of an
ordinary rectangular window (see figure). Find the dimensions of a Norman
window of maximum area when the total perimeter is 16 feet.
Sample Optimization Problems
A solid is formed by adjoining two hemispheres to the ends of a right circular
cylinder. The total volume of the solid is 14 cubic centimeters. Find the radius of
the cylinder that produces the minimum surface area
Sample Optimization Problems
A sector with central angle is cut from a circle of radius 12 inches (see figure),
and the edges of the sector are brought together to form a cone. Find the
magnitude of such that the volume of the cone is a maximum.
Sample Optimization Problems
A wooden beam has a rectangular cross section of height and width (see
figure). The strength of the beam is directly proportional to the width and
the square of the height. What are the dimensions of the strongest beam
that can be cut from a round log of diameter 20 inches? (Hint: S=khhw
where is the proportionality constant.)
 END OF
LECTURE
Solutions of equations
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Newton’s Method
Practice Problems for Newton’s Method
Practice Problems for Newton’s Method
Comparison with Optimization Problems
 END OF
LECTURE
The differential
Differentials
Differentials
Differentials
Differentials
Differentials
Differentials
Differentials
Reflect with these
Reflect with these
Reflect with these
Practice Problems
Practice Problems
 END OF
LECTURE
Parametric equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations

Consider the path followed by an object

that is propelled into the air at an angle of 45
For an initial velocity of 48 feet per second,
the object travels the parabolic path given by
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
Plane Curves and Parametric Equations
 END OF
LECTURE
Partial differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Parametric differentiation
Partial differentiation
 END OF
LECTURE
Partial differentiation
 END OF
LECTURE