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StewartCalc7e_07_01

The document discusses the technique of integration by parts, which corresponds to the Product Rule in differentiation. It provides the formula for integration by parts and demonstrates its application through an example involving the integral of x sin x. Additionally, it mentions the use of this technique for evaluating definite integrals in conjunction with the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

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1 views

StewartCalc7e_07_01

The document discusses the technique of integration by parts, which corresponds to the Product Rule in differentiation. It provides the formula for integration by parts and demonstrates its application through an example involving the integral of x sin x. Additionally, it mentions the use of this technique for evaluating definite integrals in conjunction with the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Uploaded by

yfaradis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7 Techniques of Integration

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


7.1 Integration by Parts

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Integration by Parts
Every differentiation rule has a corresponding integration
rule. For instance, the Substitution Rule for integration
corresponds to the Chain Rule for differentiation. The rule
that corresponds to the Product Rule for differentiation is
called the rule for integration by parts.

The Product Rule states that if f and g are differentiable


functions, then

[f (x)g(x)] = f (x)g (x) + g(x)f (x)


3
Integration by Parts
In the notation for indefinite integrals this equation becomes

 [f (x)g (x) + g(x)f (x)] dx = f (x)g(x)

or  f (x)g (x) dx +  g(x)f (x) dx = f (x)g(x)

We can rearrange this equation as

Formula 1 is called the formula for integration by parts.

4
Integration by Parts
It is perhaps easier to remember in the following notation.

Let u = f (x) and v = g(x). Then the differentials are


du = f (x) dx and dv = g (x) dx, so, by the Substitution Rule,
the formula for integration by parts becomes

5
Example 1
Find  x sin x dx.

Solution Using Formula 1:


Suppose we choose f (x) = x and g (x) = sin x. Then
f (x) = 1 and g(x) = –cos x. (For g we can choose any
antiderivative of g .) Thus, using Formula 1, we have

 x sin x dx = f (x)g(x) –  g(x)f (x) dx


= x(–cos x) –  (–cos x) dx
= –x cos x +  cos x dx
= –x cos x + sin x + C
6
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

It’s wise to check the answer by differentiating it. If we do


so, we get x sin x, as expected.

Solution Using Formula 2:


Let
u=x dv = sin x dx
Then du = dx v = –cos x
and so
u dv

 x sin x dx =  x sin x dx
7
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

u v u du

= x (–cos x) –  (–cos x) dx

= –x cos x +  cos x dx

= –x cos x + sin x + C

8
Integration by Parts
If we combine the formula for integration by parts with Part
2 of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we can evaluate
definite integrals by parts.

Evaluating both sides of Formula 1 between a and b,


assuming f and g are continuous, and using the
Fundamental Theorem, we obtain

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