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The document outlines the ethylene production process, primarily through steam cracking of hydrocarbons such as ethane and naphtha. It details the raw materials used, the production method including major steps like cracking, quenching, compression, and separation, as well as environmental and safety considerations. Ethylene is a crucial component in the petrochemical industry, used in the production of various chemicals and plastics.

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10 views

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The document outlines the ethylene production process, primarily through steam cracking of hydrocarbons such as ethane and naphtha. It details the raw materials used, the production method including major steps like cracking, quenching, compression, and separation, as well as environmental and safety considerations. Ethylene is a crucial component in the petrochemical industry, used in the production of various chemicals and plastics.

Uploaded by

khadegaalaskari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHYLENE PRODUCTION

PROCESS
KHADEGA AL-ASKARI 60098609

RIM FADHEL 60097787


NOURHAN ABDELLATIF 60098705
CONTENT

01 02 03 04
Introduction Overview Raw Materails Production
Method

05 06 08
PFD Diagram Environmental
Summarizing
Considerations
RAW MATERAILS

Ethane Propane Butane


Recycled Plastics Naphtha Refinery Off-
Gases
RAW MATERAILS

Coal Biomass Recycled Renewable


Plastics Resources
RAW METRAILS
Refinery Off-
Ethane propane Butane Naphtha
Gases
Ethane is the Propane, a light a light Naphtha, a
Off-gases from
primary and hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon crude oil
crude oil refining
preferred can be used as similar to refining blend,
processes,
feedstock for an alternative propane, can is frequently
containing
ethylene feedstock when serve as an used as a
various
production due ethane supply is alternative feedstock for
hydrocarbons,
to its high limited or feedstock for ethylene
can be utilized as
yield and low market ethylene production in
feedstocks for
cost. conditions favor production under regions with
ethylene
its use. specific limited ethane
production.
conditions. availability.
RAW METARIALS
Coal Biomass
Recycled Renewable
gasification Biomass-derived
Plastics Resources
transforms coal feedstocks like
Waste plastics Renewable
into synthesis bioethanol or
such as PE, PP, sources like
gas (syngas) biogas can be
and PS can be crops, algae, and
composed of utilized for
recycled into organic waste
carbon monoxide ethylene
ethylene offer eco-
and hydrogen, production
feedstocks via friendly
suitable for through various
pyrolysis or alternatives to
ethylene conversion
catalytic fossil fuels for
production.". processes.
cracking. ethylene
production
PRODUCTION METHOD

Steam
Cracking:

Steam cracking is the primary method for producing ethylene on an industrial scale. It involves
breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, primarily ethylene, by subjecting
them to high temperatures in the presence of steam.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Major Steps in the Steam Cracking
Process:
1-Feed Preparation

Feedstock Selection: Common feedstocks include ethane, propane, butane, and naphtha. The choice
of feedstock affects the yield and composition of the products.

Preheating: The feedstock is preheated before entering the cracking furnaces to ensure it reaches the
necessary reaction temperature quickly.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Major Steps in the Steam Cracking
Process:
2- Cracking Furnaces

• Reaction Conditions: The preheated feedstock is mixed with steam and passed through tubular
reactors (cracking furnaces) at temperatures ranging from 750°C to 875°C (1382°F to 1607°F)
and low pressures (1-3 bar).
• Thermal Cracking: Under these conditions, the hydrocarbon molecules undergo thermal
cracking, breaking down into smaller molecules such as ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.
• Reaction Time: The residence time in the furnace is very short, typically less than a second, to
maximize yield and minimize the formation of undesirable by-products.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Major Steps in the Steam Cracking
Process:
3- Quenching

• Rapid Cooling: The cracked gas mixture exits the furnace and is rapidly cooled (quenched) to
stop the cracking reactions. This is typically done using a quench oil or water in a quench tower.
• Separation of Heavy Components: Heavier hydrocarbons and tar are removed during
quenching.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Major Steps in the Steam Cracking
Process:

4- Compression

• Gas Compression: The cooled gas mixture is compressed in multiple stages to increase its
pressure, making it easier to separate the individual components in downstream processes.
• Removal of Acid Gases: Acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are removed
using amine scrubbers.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Major Steps in the Steam Cracking
Process:
5- Separation

• Distillation Columns: The compressed gas mixture is sent to a series of distillation columns
where it is separated into its individual components.
• Ethylene Recovery: Ethylene is typically separated in a demethanizer, deethanizer, and
ethylene splitter.
• Recovery of By-products: Other valuable by-products like propylene, butadiene, benzene,
toluene, and xylene are also recovered during this process.
PRODUCTION METHOD
Key
Reactions:

Major Equipment • Cracking Furnaces • Compressors • Distillation • Quench Towers


Used: Columns
PFD DIAGRAM
EXPLANATION OF PFD
DIAGRAM
The analysis focuses on ethylene production from ethane feedstock, which involves three
main parts: cracking & quenching, compression & drying, and separation. Cracking &
Quenching involves heating ethane and dilute steam, forming ethylene and by-products.
Compression & Drying involves five stages, with carbon dioxide and sulfur removed.
Separation involves removing C3+ hydrocarbons, converting the product into ethylene and
ethane, and removing hydrogen and light hydrocarbons. The product is then fed to two
separation columns, separating methane and ethylene.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

• Emissions Management: Implementing technologies to control emissions of pollutants such


as NOx, CO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

• Safety Measures: Ensuring proper safety protocols to handle high temperatures, pressures,
and flammable gases.

• Energy Efficiency: Adopting energy-efficient technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of


the steam cracking process.
Summarizing
• Ethylene is primarily produced through the steam cracking of hydrocarbons such as ethane and
naphtha.

• In the steam cracking process, feedstocks are heated to high temperatures, causing them to break
down into smaller molecules, including ethylene.

• The resulting ethylene is separated and purified for industrial use.

• Ethylene is a key component in the production of polyethylene plastics, ethylene oxide, and
other essential chemicals.

• This process is fundamental to the petrochemical industry, enabling the creation of a wide range
of everyday products.
Reviwe
Questions

1- What are the Uses of Ethylene?

2- What are the primary methods used for the industrial production of
ethylene?
References

Producing ethylene through a more environmentally safe process. (n.d.). Molinaroli College of Engineering and
Computing. https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/engineering_and_computing/news_events/news/2021/
producing_ethylene_environmentally_safe_process.php#:~:text=The%20principal%20method%20of%20producing,of
%20petroleum%20or%20natural%20gas.

Ethylene Production | AMETEK Process Instruments. (n.d.). https://www.ametekpi.com/industries/hydrocarbon-


processing/ethylene-production
Ethylene Production from Ethane. (n.d.). In https://cdn.intratec.us/docs/reports/previews/ethylene-e11a-
b.pdf.
Questions?

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