Practice lesson

№24
 Lesson plan

• Past Modals
• Phrases which express modality
• Degrees of Certainty
The previous lesson...
 MODALS
NEVER
CHANGE
exception:
have to • BTS must be in the concert.
• It might rain tomorrow.
AFTER ALWAYS
• Jennie can dance hip-hop.
USE BARE INF.
exception: have to, • They have to sign (She has to
had to, need to, sign)
ought to, be able to
• You mustn’t tell anyone.
• Could you please open the
THEY DON’T window?
NEED AUX.VERB
exception:
have to
OBLIGATION | DUTY | NECESSITY
• Twice must finish their concert by
MUST October.
duty | obligation
• You must clean your room.
• Everyone must respect their parents.
s |
u l e s
r la w HAVE TO • We had to pay the fine.
obligation | necessity • She has to go
• Ninety One has to work at the weekend.

е д
сл е т
у SHOULD=OUGHT
• Education ought to become free for
everyone.
This is the right
advi thing TO to do... • You should tell him the truth.
ce • Our government should build more
schools.
 MUSTN’T / CAN’T
MUST prohibition
duty | obligation Similar meaning:
• It is prohibited...
• It is forbidden to do smth

s | • It is against the rule/law

u le s
r law • You are not allowed to do smth
HAVE TO
obligation | necessity • You mustn’t enter the park with
dogs.
е т т i л iг i • You can’t enter the park with dogs.
қажжоқ
• You mustn’t walk on the grass.
DON’T HAVE TO • You don’t have to come to the
DON’T NEED TO office. You can work from home.
NEEDN’T
Absence of • You don’t need to go to the TXT’s
necessity concert. You can watch it online.
CAN COULD BE ABLE TO
ASSUMPTION | SPECULATION |
DEDUCTIONMAY / MIGHT
MUST CAN’T
COULD
almost certain that almost certain that
this is/was true maybe it’s possible this is/was
(positive) impossible
• They are almost identical. • ‘Why isn’t she picking up
(negtive)
• Pixy can’t be that famous.
They must be sisters. her phone.’ ‘She I’ve never heard his name
• Can you hear the shouting? might/may be driving.’ before.
Our neighbours must be • We didn’t do anything when • She can’t be married. I have
arguing again. we could and now it never seen a ring on her
could/might/may be too finger.
late.
If Kim Tae-hyung said that, it ______ true. He never
lies.

a. might be
b. must be
c. can be
d. could be
We'll ______ be more careful about what we say in the
future.

a. have to
b. must
c. need to
d. be able
e. can to
f. need
 v e +
h a
with t ic i p l e
Modals
st p ar in the past
pa

100% sure it’s not can’t have

true

might/may have

CERTAINTY
50:5 could have
0

100% sure it’s must have

le sserafim
true
 v e +
h a
with t ic i p l e
Modals
st p ar in the past
pa

100% sure it’s not can’t have Careful here!

true The opposite of must
have is can’t have not
might/may have
mustn’t have.

CERTAINTY
50:5 could have
0

100% sure it’s must have

true
 v e +
h a
with t ic i p l e
Modals
st p ar in the past
pa
Careful here!
100% sure it’s not can’t have
The opposite of must have is
true
can’t have not mustn’t have.
might/may have

CERTAINTY
We use should have or ought to
50:5 could have have to express that we think it
0 was a good idea (or bad idea if it’s
in the negative) to do something
in the past (but the opposite
occurred). E.g. It was a good idea
to tell us, but she didn’t.

100% sure it’s must have She should/ought to have

true
told us if she was going
 NEEDN’T HAVE VS DIDN’T NEED TO

+ +
NEEDN’T HAVE DIDN’T NEED TO
V3 V1
For a thing we did, but For a thing we don’t
later realised wasn’t need to do, so we didn’t
necessary. do it

It’s sunny today! I It’s sunny today! I

needn’t have taken didn’t need to take
my umbrella! my umbrella!
 : p a s t
Fo rm
mo d a l s
Past participle (V3; -
Subject Modal verb HAVE
ed)
She must have gone out.

Angie and Tim should/ought to have called.

I needn’t have eaten.

Maxi can’t have finished.

We would have come.

SAVE YOUR TEARS - THE
WEEKND
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o4ug07qJBI
 I cleaned all That wasn’t
the house after necessary!
the party I have a
yesterday. cleaner!

Jungkook ______________ all the house after the party! I have a

cleaner!

a. might not have clean

b. mustn’t have cleaned
c. needn’t have cleaned
d. didn’t have to clean
PHRASES WHICH EXPRESS MODALITY

ат е л ь
обяз уверен
BE SURE TO
о THAT SOMETHING IS
TOнSAY
CERTAIN OR VERY LIKELY TO
но SURELY
ADVERB-ҮСТЕУ
HAPPEN OR ADVICE
The Jamaican is sure to The soldiers were
win the final. marching surely.

з ат е л ь л ж е
о бя до
BE BOUND TO BE SUPPOSED TO
о THAT SOMETHING IS
нSAY
TO н
TO TALK ABOUT OBLIGATIONS AND
CERTAIN OR VERY LIKELY TO ARRANGEMENTS / ALSO USED TO TALK ABOUT
PEOPLE’S EXPECTATIONS OR BELIEFS ABOUT
HAPPEN.
They are bound to like SOMETHING
him. He is such a sweet Where were you? You were
guy. supposed to be at the
party!
 PHRASES WHICH EXPRESS MODALITY

а е т ся/
ожид BE DUE TO гот
ж е нABOUT THINGS THAT ARE
л овBE WILLING TO
TO TALK
о
д EXPECTED OR PLANNED TO
HAPPEN AT A CERTAIN TIME.
The train is due to arrive at I'm willing to do
Glasgow Central at 12:12. anything to prevent this
(We often use it with a time
expression) war.
е/ но
в ер н о
, н а оят
тн о ер ,
о я ал ов е но
р
ве ли, м з р е ш
я д BE LIKELY TO/UNLIKELY TO ра BE ALLOWED
ж но TO
в р
о , о
мEXPRESS PERMISSION TO DO
TO SAY THAT SOMETHING WILL PROBABLY
о л е
USEнD TO
HAPPEN/NOT HAPPEN (POSSIBILITY) поз в SOMETHING
• The government is likely I am allowed to use my
to pass new regulations dad's car today
very soon.
• He is unlikely to win this
match.
PHRASES WHICH EXPRESS MODALITY

п р ям о
ю сь (
о б ир а
с
BE
а с ) ABOUT TO
с е йч
USED TO TALK ABOUT THINGS WHICH ARE
GOING TO HAPPEN VERY SOON
• We’re just about to set off
for a walk. Do you want to
come?
• I’m about to eat. Can I
phone you back?
BTS is the best. They _____ finish in the top
three.

a. are unlikely to
b. are bound to
c. probably will
d. are allowed to
DEGREES OF CERTAINTY
= TO BE + BOUND/SURE
I’M POSITIVE (THAT) = I’M CERTAIN IT/THEY WILL
100
=DEFINITELY
%
|
I’M ALMOST CERTAIN (THAT)
| = PROBABLE = LIKELY
I’M FAIRLY SURE (THAT)
| I WOULDN’T BE SURPRISED IF
|
IT’S POSSIBLE (THAT)
50% = I’M NOT SURE
I SUPPOSE (THAT)

|
| IT’S UNLIKELY (THAT)
THERE’S NOT MUCH CHANCE(THAT) = IMPROBABLE
| I DOUBT (IF/THAT)
|
= I’M CERTAIN IT /
0 THERE’S NO WAY (THAT)
THEY WON’T IT
%
Sorry, but I'm not Jennie. I’m Ji Soo. You ______ me for someone
else.

a. might be confusing
b. have to confuse
c. must be confusing
d. don’t need to be confuse
It's beautiful! Thanks, but you ______ anything for me.

a. needn't have bought

b. needn't buy
c. mustn't have bought
d. might have bought
The Hotel ______ BLACKPINK a discount because they couldn't sleep in
the room that they had booked.

a. can’t have offered

b. 'd better offered
c. ought to have offered
d. should have offered
e. might have offered
f. couldn’t have
Choose the forms that mean the same as the underlined words.
You mustn't use the swimming pool before 10.

a. aren't allowed to
b. don't have to
c. can't
d. have to
e. might
f. can
Exo has been singing for ten hours. They ______ exhausted.

a. can be
b. can't be
c. must be
d. should to be
Choose the forms that mean the same as the underlined words.
Do I have to go to the meeting with Enhyphen?

a. Must I
b. Can't I
c. Am I allowed to
d. Am I likely
When Stray Kids were at school, they ______ wear a
uniform.

a. ought to
b. had to
c. were supposed to
d. must
e. might
f. can’t
The same meaning:
I can't tonight but I'll definitely come next time.

a. I doubt that I come next time.

b. I'm certain to come next time.
c. I’m fairly sure that I come next time.
d. It’s possible that I come next time.
The same meaning:
It’s unlikely (that)...

a. I'm bound ...

b. There’s not much chance(that) ...
c. I’m not sure ...
d. I wouldn’t be surprised if ...
The same meaning:
They'll probably email rather than phone.

a. I‘m positive they'll email rather than phone.

b. I suppose they email rather than phone.
c. They are likely to email rather than phone
d. It’s possible that they’ll email.
The same meaning:
He's unlikely to be back by Friday.

a. I doubt he'll be back by Friday

b. I’m not sure he'll be back by Friday.
c. There’s no way that he'll be back by Friday
d. It’s improbable that he'll be back by Friday
e. He’ll be bound to be back by Friday.
d. He’ll definitely be back by Friday
The same meaning:
I’m fairly sure (that)...

a. I suppose (that) ...

b. There’s not much chance(that) ...
c. It’s likely ...
d. I’m almost certain (that) ...
e. I’m certain it/they will ...
d. It’s probable ...
The same meaning:
I’m fairly sure (that)...

a. I suppose (that) ...

b. There’s not much chance(that) ...
c. It’s likely ...
d. I’m almost certain (that) ...
e. I’m certain it/they will ...
d. It’s probable ...
 Bonus
Task ’
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 Bonus
Task ’
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gr
 “Sometimes you have to do
things that you don't want
to do in order to do exactly
“Иногда ты должен делать вещи, которые тебе не хочется
what
делать, чтобы в you
будущемwant in
делать именно
хочется”. (Seventeen: Hoshi)
the
то, что тебе

future.”