This document outlines methods and strategies for teaching reading comprehension and summary skills in the English language. It covers comprehension skills such as skimming, scanning, and close reading, as well as stages of teaching comprehension and the characteristics of effective summary writing. The learning outcomes aim to equip student-teachers with the ability to effectively teach these skills using appropriate strategies.
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LESSON 6
This document outlines methods and strategies for teaching reading comprehension and summary skills in the English language. It covers comprehension skills such as skimming, scanning, and close reading, as well as stages of teaching comprehension and the characteristics of effective summary writing. The learning outcomes aim to equip student-teachers with the ability to effectively teach these skills using appropriate strategies.
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LESSON 6
Methods and strategies in teaching aspects of the
English language
Teaching comprehension and summary
outline -What is Reading Comprehension(comprehension skills skimming,scanning,close reading) -stages of teaching comprehension(before-reading, reading stage and post reading) -Aspects and types of summary -Summary writing skills -Questioning in summary Learning outcomes Students- teachers will be able to teach learners comprehension and summary skills using appropriate methods and strategies in English language. NTS, 3a, e,i p-14 Introduction Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning and to integrate with what the reader already knows or understanding of what is read. To be able to accurately understand written material, children need to be able to 1) decode what they read 2) make connections between what they read and what they already know and think deeply about what they have read.
Five strategies of reading comprehension
1. Activating background knowledge to bridge their old knowledge with the new one. Cont’ 2 . Questioning encourages students to frame questions before and after reading to increase their comprehension. 3. Analyzing text structure. Students should be taught the structures of text whether cause-effect pattern, problem-solution pattern, descriptive pattern etc. for better understanding 4. Visualization. Students should be encouraged to form visual images in their heads as they read the text. It is suggested that they visualize structural images or diagrams instead of mere pictures as pictures have the tendency to fade Cont’ 5. Summarizing. Research has shown that the ability to summarize enhances comprehension. Block & Pressley(2002) defined summary as “the ability to delete irrelevant details, combine similar ideas, condense main ideas and connect major themes into concise statements that capture the purpose of a reading for the reader”. Comprehension skills Skimming is a quick reading to get to know the general meaning of a passage to know how the passage is organized to get an idea of the intention of the writer. How to do skimming of a text Look at the table of content first Review the sub- headings in each chapter Scanning: It is a quick reading which focuses on locating specific information. Scanning involves quick eye movements. It is used when a specific piece of information is required, such as a name, date, symbol or phrase. Close reading : This demands that you summarize to develop understanding of what the text says. Ask text-based questions that go beyond the literal and focus on drawing inferences. An emphasis is on evidence and support for inferences and arguments. Stages of teaching comprehension Before reading/Starter Here , there are two major activities that you should do with your students. Prediction activities and treatment of keywords(vocabulary).some of the prediction activities are1. discussion of relevant pictures, 2,giving a gist of the passage. etc Reading/ Main Write while reading questions on the board for students to find answers to the questions. It should not be more than three questions and go round to supervise their reading. Pause at a point and ask oral questions. Post-Reading/plenary or Reflection Ask questions orally on what they have read. They can also confirm or deny the prediction questions. cont’ Post Reading They can also do written exercise. They can draw portions of the passage. They could also summarize some part of the passage
Aspects and types of summary
Summary means giving a concise overview of a text’s main points in your own words. It is always shorter than the original text. Summarizing does not involve critiquing or analyzing the source- You are to simply provide a clear, objective, accurate account of the most important information and ideas without missing the key points. Types of summary There are two primary types of summary which others can fit in. Theses are Descriptive and Evaluative. Characteristics of summary writing A good summary must have Conciseness Accuracy objectivity Summary writing A summary is written in your own words. Do not insert any of your own opinion, interpretation, deductions or comments into a summary. Rather, identify in order the significant sub-claims the author uses to defend the main point. There should be brevity but the salient points must not be lost. Construct full sentences, not phrases and words.