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introductiontohci-Module 1

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study and practice of designing, evaluating, and implementing interactive systems to enhance usability and user experience. It draws from various disciplines, including computer science, cognitive psychology, and design, to ensure effective communication between users and technology. The importance of HCI is underscored by its role in improving productivity, reducing errors, and informing software development and marketing strategies.

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10 views

introductiontohci-Module 1

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study and practice of designing, evaluating, and implementing interactive systems to enhance usability and user experience. It draws from various disciplines, including computer science, cognitive psychology, and design, to ensure effective communication between users and technology. The importance of HCI is underscored by its role in improving productivity, reducing errors, and informing software development and marketing strategies.

Uploaded by

missnandinikumari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to HCI

What is human-computer interaction (HCI)?

* HCI is the study and the practice of usability.


It is about understanding and creating software and other
technology that people will want to use, will be able to use, and
will find effective when used.

* HCI is the study of how people use computer systems to perform


certain tasks.
HCI tries to provide us with all understanding of the computer and
the person using it, so as to make the interaction between them
more effective and more enjoyable.

Introduction to HCI
What is human-computer interaction (HCI)?

* HCI concerns:
process: design, evaluation and implementation
on: interactive computing systems for human use
plus: the study of major phenomena surrounding them
What is human-computer interaction (HCI)?

HCI involves the design, implementation and evaluation of interactive


systems in the context of the user’s task and work.
• By user we may mean an individual user, a group of users working
together, or a sequence of users in an organization, each dealing with
some part of the task or process.
• By computer we mean any technology ranging from the general
desktop computer to a large- scale computer system, a process
control system or an embedded system.
• By interaction we mean any communication between a user and
computer, be it direct or indirect. Direct interaction involves a
dialog with feedback and control throughout performance of the task.
Indirect interaction may involve batch processing or intelligent
sensors controlling the environment.
The important thing is that the user is interacting with the computer in
order to accomplish something.
There are some disciplines
contributing to HCI.

Computer Science
Computer science is a field of computation and
information. Computer science plays a crucial role in
modern development of HCI. Smart Television, Voice
assistant, AR/VR technology and gaze detection are some
of the technology exists in modern world, that are running
our day to day life.
There are some disciplines
contributing to HCI.

Cognitive Psychology
It is a field of HCI which identifies how human interact
with systems. It includes Language based interaction, a
set of rules are provided to the system. Based on that
rules we create our model. It also includes Human motor
skills, where we identifies physical characteristics of user
and based on that characteristics we create our model.
There are some disciplines
contributing to HCI.

Fine arts design


An artistic way of thinking always produce
creative ideas. E-books and novels, digital
drawings, video games are some of the
applications of fine arts contributing to HCI.
The goals of HCI
Ensuring usability.
“A usable software system is one that supports the effective and
efficient completion of tasks in a given work context” (Karat and
Dayton 1995).

The bottom-line benefits of more usable software system to


business users include:
• Increased productivity
• Decreased user training time and cost
• Decreased user errors
• Increased accuracy of data input and data interpretation
• Decreased need for ongoing technical support

Introduction to HCI
The goals of HCI
The bottom-line benefits of usability to development
organizations include:
• Greater profits due to more competitive products/services
• Decreased overall development and maintenance costs
• Decreased customer support costs
• More follow-on business due to satisfied customers

• Not to use the term ‘user-friendly’ which intended to mean a


system with high usability but always misinterpreted to mean
tidying up the screen displays to make it more pleasing
The goals of HCI
To achieve usability, the design of the user interface to any
interactive product, needs to take into account and be tailored
around a number of factors, including:
• Cognitive, perceptual, and motor capabilities and constraints of
people in general
• Special and unique characteristics of the intended user population
in particular
• Unique characteristics of the users’ physical and social work
environment
• Unique characteristics and requirements of the users’ tasks, which
are being supported by the software
• Unique capabilities and constraints of the chosen software and/or
hardware and platform for the product
Humans, Computer and Interaction

The H Humans good at: Sensing low level stimuli,


pattern recognition,inductive reasoning,
multiple strategies, adapting “Hard and fuzzy
things”.

The C Computers good at: Counting and measuring,


accurate storage and recall, rapid and
consistent responses, data
processing/calculation, repetitive actions,
performance over time, “Simple and sharply
defined things”.

The I The list of skills is somewhat complementary.


Let humans do what humans do best and
computers do what computers do best.
Different design Needs

Three broad categories of computer user:


Expert users with detailed knowledge of that particular system.
Occasional users who know well how to perform the tasks they need
to perform frequently.
Novices who have never used the system before.
Users may well be novices at one computer application but experts at
another one, so users will belong to different categories for particular
computer systems.
Importance of HCI
Introduction
In the past, problems with poor interface design of computer
software have contributed to an enormous loss in productivity,
ranging from increases in time taken to input and process
information after computerisation, to deaths from airline crashes due
to pilots misreading the instrument readings on their aircraft.

A US study in the 1980s found that:


only 20% of new systems studied were considered to be successes
40 % produced only marginal gains
40 % resulted in rejection or failure of the system
this represents a huge loss of money, time and effort from all of the
people involved.

Introduction to HCI
Importance of HCI
HCI will be increasingly important in the following areas:

As part of software development process and system design methods


As part of future legal requirements for software
As the basis for a set of usability criteria to evaluate and choose from
amongst competing products
As the basis for successful marketing strategy to the increasingly
important home and small business user
Relationship of HCI to other disciplines
HCI is a multidisciplinary field – HCI draws expertise from a number
of different areas of study.
1. Prototyping and and iterative development from software
engineering
Design is seen as opportunistic, concrete, and necessarily iterative. By
providing techniques to quickly construct, evaluate, and change partial
solutions, prototyping has become a fulcrum for system development.

2. Software psychology and human factors of computing systems


This work addressed a wide assortment of questions about people
experienced and how they perform when they interact with computers.
It studied how system response time affects productivity, how people
specify and refine queries, etc.
3. User interface software from computer graphics
Before the 1960s, the focus of computing was literally on
computations, not on intelligibly presenting the results.
4. Models, theories and frameworks from cognitive science
These include the disciplined of linguistics, anthropology, philosophy,
psychology, and computer science.

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