Character Formation 1,

Nationalism and
Patriotism
 – An unknown author once said a forewarning that,
as human beings,
“We have to be careful of our thoughts, for it will
become the source of our words; we have to be
careful of our words, for it will become our deeds; our
deeds, will become our habits, our habits, will become
our character, and our character, will become our
destiny. “
 • According to Prasad Nanda,
• CHARACTER
is the solid foundation on which a
person’s entire life is based.
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF CHARACTER

• The term was derived from the Greek word

“charassein,” referring to an engraving
instrument.
• - used to mark impressed upon a coin or the
mark cut by it.
• Bartemeir, 2009
• Character is defined as a psychological notion
that refers to all the habitual ways of feeling
and reacting of a person that distinguish one
individual from another.

• It is the trademark of being a person.

•
Harbans (2011)
• Character is the index of the state of mind of a
person.
• It is the sum total of motivation one gives to
the person around him and also does course
correction whenever there is a dire need for
same.
 What is Character Formation?
Character Formation as defined by Donald (2006)
– is the process by which the individual, through
interaction of biologically transmitted predispositions
with the environment, develops stable pattern of
functioning, thinking and feeling.
– It is also known as, Character Building.
 Contributing Factors for
Character Formation
1. Parental Influence
Parental influence is the most important of all
the factors responsible for the personality
development.
2. Home Environment
Home as cradle of human character
and personality largely contribute to
the character formation of a child.
3. School Environment
To perfect the total development of a child’s
character and attitude, besides the home
environment, a child’s school environment too
plays a major role in shaping a child’s personality.
Once a child starts to going to school, he learns
how to interact and deal with his peers.
4. Culture
Everyone has different character and
values because of the different cultures
where everyone is exposed.
 Factors that influence Filipino character formation
1. Home environment 6. Religion

2. Social environment 7. Economic environment

3. Culture and language 8. Political environment
4. History 9. Mass media
5. Educational system 10. Leadership and role model
 Determining character or personality types

Five (5) Factors that Determine Character or Personality Traits.

1. Openness: appreciation for variety of experiences.
2. Conscientiousness: planning ahead rather than being
spontaneous.
3. Extraversion: being sociable, energetic and talkative.
4. Agreeableness: being kind, sympathetic and happy to help.
5. Neuroticism: inclined to worry or be vulnerable or
temperamental.
 General types of characters

1. Positive Character/ Good Character/ Positive Trait- These are

attributes such as integrity, honesty, courage, loyalty, fortitude,
and other important virtues that promote good behavior and
habits. Further, it is said that:

a. Being honest and taking responsibility for your actions are

admirable qualities.
b. Adaptability and compatibility are great traits that can help
you get along with others.
c. Drive and determination will help you keep going no
matter what.
d. Compassion and understanding mean you relate well to
others.
e. Patience is a virtue and also a good personality trait.
f. Loyalty is a good quality to possess, making others trust
you.
2. Negative Character/Negative Trait – a person’s
predisposition to commit evil acts.

a. A propensity for lying, in order to avoid responsibility

for our actions, is a deplorable quality
b. Being rigid and selfish, unyielding to the needs of
others are not endearing qualities.
c. Being full of laziness and excuses is sure to drive others
away, too.
d. A hot temper and an inability to empathize with others
will also alienate us from others.
e. Being quick to anger will turn people away.
f. Being disloyal, quick to talk about others behind their
backs or, worse, stab them in the back or personal gain
also falls high on the scale of negative personality traits.
 3. Neutral character/ neutral traits

-Commonly used to describe a person who doesn’t pick sides

in disputes; neutral also pegs anything that refuses to be bold.
a. Judges, for example, must remain totally neutral when
hearing a case.
b. Manners mavens say that it’s best to remain neutral when
topics like politics and religion come up during a party.
c. Boxers can look to the neutral corners in the ring to escape
a punch.
 Types of characters

1. Self-realized Character.
- very enthusiastic for he knows his potentialities and
limitations.
2. Covetous Character.
- This refers to a jealous or acquisitive character.
3. Superstitious Character.
4. Egoistic/ Overbearing/Bossy/Tall-Talker.
The person who thinks that world runs due to him
and everything and everybody should respect him as
such.
5. Anti-social Character. A person who neither cares for
the norms set by the society nor cares for the moral or
ethical values is an anti-social character.
6. Insincere Character. When a person does something
good for us, we express our sincere thanks and go extra
mile in being sincere to that person in whatever way it is
possible for us. Contrarily, a person who thinks others is
there for serving him and is without any warmth in the
feeling for others.
7.Complacent Character.
- A complacent person is very pleased with
themselves or feels that they do not need to do
anything about a situation, even though the
situation may be uncertain or dangerous.
The six (6) pillars of good character
1. Trustworthiness
this is the pillar of good character that is considered
the most complicated of the six core ethical values and
concerns a variety of qualities like honesty, integrity,
reliability and loyalty.
When a person is trusted he is given a greater
leeway and no need to be monitored just to assure that
they meet their obligations.
a.Honesty
There is no more fundamental ethical value
than honesty. Honesty is associated with honor.
Thus, a person of honesty is a person of honor
and he is admired and trusted because of his
being straightforward.
 Five dimensions of honesty
1. Truthfulness. Presenting the facts to the best of our
knowledge.
2. Sincerity. One must observe genuineness, being without
trickery or duplicity for it precludes all acts, including half-
truths, out-of-context statements, and even silence, that
are intended to create beliefs or leave impressions that are
intended to create beliefs or leave impressions that are
untrue or misleading.
3. Candor. In relationships involving legitimate expectations of
trust, honesty may also require
4. Integrity.
Persons of integrity are those who acts according to
his beliefs, not according to expediency. He is also
consistent. There is no difference in the way he
makes decisions from situation from situation to
situation; his principles don’t vary at work or at
home, in public or alone.
5. Reliability.
(Promise Keeping). Reliable persons are those
who keep their promises for he believe that doing
so create legitimate basis for another person to
rely on him, and that he undertake special moral
duties. They accept the responsibility of making
all reasonable efforts to fulfil their commitments
because promise-keeping is such an important
aspect of trustworthiness.
Considerations to maintain reliability

1. Avoid Bad-Faith Excuses

Interpret your promises fairly and honestly. Don’t try
to rationalize non-compliance.
2. Avoid Unwise Commitments
Before making a promise consider carefully whether you
are willing and likely to keep it. Think about unknown or
future events that could make it difficult, undesirable or
impossible. Sometimes, all we can promise is to do our
best.
3. Avoid Unclear Commitments
Be sure that when you make a promise, the other
person understands what you are committing to do.
b. Loyalty
To be trusted one must be loyal to his or husband
or wife, friends, employer, employee, organization,
citizen, and country.
2. RESPECT
The Golden Rule in Human Relation, “Do unto others as
you would have them do unto you,” perfectly illustrates
“respect.” When respect is observed we would prevent and
pre-empt violence, humiliation, manipulation and
exploitation. It reflects notions such as civility, courtesy,
decency, dignity, autonomy, tolerance and acceptance.
 Qualities of a respectful person

1. Ability to Listen- When somebody is talking he is

attentively listening
2. Treats Others With Consideration- Respectful person
doesn’t resort to intimidation, coercion or violence except in
extraordinary and limited situations to defend others, teach
discipline, maintain order or achieve social justice. They
allow all individuals, including maturing children, to have a
say in the decisions that affect them.
3. Capable of Accepting Individual differences and
Beliefs -
Respectful individuals without prejudice openly
accepts principles and ideologies of others. They
judge others only on their negative character,
abilities and conduct
3. RESPONSIBILITY
Being responsible means to take
charge and be accountable of the
consequences of what we think and do.
 Qualities of a responsible person

a.Sense of Accountability
An accountable person leads by example
and doesn’t shift blame or claim credit for
the work of others. He considers the likely
consequences of his behaviour and
associations
b. Pursuit of Excellence
Responsible person shows diligence what he is
doing, careful in his actions, prepared and
informed. They finished what they started,
overcoming rather than surrendering to obstacles.
They avoid excuses such as, “That’s just the way I
am,” or “It’s not my job,” or “It was legal,” and
always look for ways to do their work better.
c. Self-Restraint
Responsible people exercise self-control,
restraining passions and appetites (such as lust, hatred,
gluttony, greed and fear) for the sake of longer-term
vision and better judgement. They delay gratification if
necessary and never feel it’s necessary to “win at any
cost.” They realize they are as they choose to be, every
day.
4. FAIRNESS
This pillar of good character involve issues of
equality, impartiality, proportionality, openness and
dude process. It is unfair to handle similar matters
inconsistently, and to impose punishment that is not
commensurate with the offense.
5. CARING
Caring is the heart of ethics, and ethical
decision making. It is scarcely possible to be truly
ethical and yet unconcerned with the welfare of
others. That is because ethics is ultimately about
good relations with other people.
6. CITIZENSHIP
This pillar of good character includes civic virtues
and duties that prescribe how we ought to behave as
part of a community. The good citizen knows the laws
and obeys them. He volunteers and stays informed on
the issues of the day, the better to execute his duties
and privileges as a member of a self-governing
democratic society.
FILIPINO INFLUENCES
TRAITS AND
CHARACTERISTICS
• The Philippines
– is a meeting point for cultures from all over
Asia and the Pacific because it has been a
crossroads between east and west and the
merging of the cultures reflects the
country’s culture and its people.
• It comes from various ethno-linguistic groups
that are native to the islands or migrants
from various Asia-Pacific regions, Filipinos are
the people who are naturally born to or
recognize with the Philippine country.
• Though it has experienced colonization by several
countries, but the core values it has gained from
the Filipino ancestors remained intact and are still
honored today like the bayanihan or spirit of
kinship and camaraderie implanted by Malay
ancestors and close family ties inherited by the
Chinese ascendants.
The Most Well-Known Traits and Attitudes of the Filipino

POSITIVE TRAITS
1. Hospitality
2. Respect
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions
4. Generosity and Helpfulness
5. Strong Work Ethics
6. Loving and Caring
1. Hospitality
– a trait displayed by every Filipino,
characterized by heart-warming generosity
and friendliness exhibited to foreigners and
locals alike.
– Filipinos are well-known for being hospitable.
This is one of the most popular qualities of
Filipinos.
 Hospitality of Filipinos is shown in the following
sample situations:
a. When a person visits a friend’s house, the host
greets him or her with a very warm welcome. The
host will immediately let their visitor sit down and
will prepare a meal or a snack plus drinks for the
visitor. The host will insist that the friend not leave
the house with an empty stomach. A host will
always make sure you had a great time visiting
them.
 b. People offer their guest room to visitors if
they’re going to spend the night.
c. Meals offered to guests are very special.
A host always finds a way to prepare great
tasting food that her visitor wants to eat.
2. Respect
- This is often observed- not just by younger people- but also
by people of all ages. In the Philippines, respect for one’s
elders is a tradition.
a. Po and Opo
– These words are spoken by the Filipino when
talking to elders, or in order to show respect to persons in
authority. These Filipino words mean “yes,” when
answering or talking to the elders.
b. Pagmamano
– Another way of showing respect to the
elders when greeting them. This is done by
putting their elder’s hands on their foreheads
c. Filipinos also show respect at work by
making a bow to their employers.
 3. Strong Family Ties and Religions
• Filipinos value their families so much that they tend to
keep families intact through the generations. Families go to
church and pray together because their religion is
important and creates a strong bond, marking God as the
center of their lives. Filipinos believe in only one God and
majority of the population are Catholics. It is a value
system of the Filipinos to pray before eating, going to bed,
before the start of the meeting, conferences of program,
gathering, etc.
 4. Generosity and Helpfulness
• Aside from being hospitable, Filipinos are also well known for
being generous. They share what they have to the people
around them even when they only have little.
• These could be felt during birthdays, weddings or fiesta
(party). When visitors came to celebrate great tasting special
foods are specially prepared for everyone. It is shared by
friends, families or even strangers.
• When you will be in trouble, Filipinos cannot refuse to help
you. They are always willing to assist you or lend a hand.
 5. Loving and Caring
Because of their generosity, hospitality and religiosity, Filipinos are
found to be the sweetest and most loving people in the world.
1. It is expressed by both foreigners and Filipino women that most
Filipino men are so sweet and romantic when it comes to love. They
will send their beloved flowers, bring her to a very romantic place, text
her sweet quotes and tell often how special she is to them. Filipino
women are also romantic and very caring, which often makes some
foreigners want to marry them. Women tend to prepare dinner before
their husband comes home. They love, and value the relationship,
always staying faithful to their husbands. They love deeply and
sincerely.
 Negative Traits of Filipinos
1. Fatalism (“Bahala time) or too sensitive
na” or “Come What 7. Gossiping 13.Living beyond their
May” Attitude) 8. Blaming means (social
9. Selfishness (being climbing)
insensitive of others) 14.Passivity (lack of
2. Maňana Habit leadership)
10.Disobedience to
(Procrastination) 15.Other Negative
Simple Rules and
3. Crab Mentality Instructions Traits
4. Hypocrisy 11.Attention Taker
5. Ningas Cogon 12.Being onion-skinned
6. Tardiness (Filipino
 Fatalism (“Bahala na” or “Come What May” Attitude)

When Filipinos are facing difficulties and shortcomings

they have this attitude of leaving it up to God to sort things
out. An attitude of “What Goes Around Comes Around.”
Filipinos have a tendency to surrender the future to luck.
They have that strong confidence that everything will work
out in his interest without doing anything. Filipinos often
accepts bad news or circumstances without trying to stop or
change them.
 2. Maňana Habit (Procrastination)

True blooded Filipinos have the have the attitude of causing

delays in accomplishing things or making transactions. When not
interested or not in the mood, they wait or reserve until
tomorrow or the next day to finish what they are doing or
meeting their transactions. However, there are some Filipinos
nowadays who take their time in doing things or in making
decisions promptly. There are some who are habitually late or
not showing up at all. There are few Filipinos who are punctual
for social meetings. In fact, it is not expected of them to arrive
exactly on time especially at party.
 3. Crab Mentality
• This is an attitude of some Filipinos where they tend to
push each other down to clear the way for their own
gain. Filipino people with this kind of mentality or
attitude try their best to ruin each other for him to turn
out bad to the public or to the company or organization
so that people will gradually put distance and loss their
confidence and trust that eventually result to their
replacement.
 4. Hypocrisy
This is a trait of the Filipino where criticism to others’ failure to live
with the moral standards of the society are inevitable. In the Philippines
morality is highly valued, most of us try to live up to the standards set by
the traditional society. However, as no one is perfect , many of us are not
actually able to sustain these standards.
The fear of being an outcast has forced a lot of people to live a double
standard life . To hide our failure in following norm, we tend to condemning
those who are caught red handed . A perfect example could be the criticism
faced by those who become pregnant outside marriage . The sad fact
behind this scenario is that some of these critics could have actually
engaged in pre-marital sex too – only that no proof is visible.
 5. Ningas Cogon
• Most Filipino are very good at the start when
doing something .Nevertheless, after a few hours
on days , that excitement to do or accomplish
something is lost we and become too lazy to finish
what were have started.
 6. Tardiness ( Filipino Time)
• Only in the Philippines that we have the so-called “ Filipino
Time” but not exactly referring to the standard time , but then
again we use it to refer to the “tardiness” of the persons that
we are waiting or who keeps on coming late to the set of time
schedule of events. Instead of being something to be proud of ,
Filipino time’s a negative impression to our impression to our
people.
 7. Gossiping
• Filipinos are fond of talking about others business. It is
not true that only women are into gossiping. Even men
can also be nosy on other people’s lives. Secrets ere
brought out; failures and flaws are emphasized ; and
relationships are destroyed. Worse, as gossips are
passed around, they tend to be twisted until the final
story becomes too far from the original– thus, causing
more damage.
 8. Blaming
• Filipinos can sometimes be too self-righteous.
When mistakes happen, we do not want to take
the blame, we lack humility to accept our failures,
and instead we point at others. This shows how
irresponsible we are on our actions. This attitude
destroys team work, and reliability becomes an
issue.
 9. Selfishness (being insensitive of others)

• Most Filipinos are insensitive to the needs

and situations of others. This could be an
outcome of having too many problems that
Filipinos are facing and the tendency is to
focus on their own needs first before others.
 10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions

• Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding of the

purpose of laws and ordinances have inability to
observe and follow them. Consequently, crime
victimization and accident rate in the Philippines are
constantly rising, poverty is getting more rampant and
lifestyle development is relaxed.
 11. Attention Taker
• Filipinos are fun and people loving race. Thus
attracting attention is natural for them.
Nevertheless, it is a different thing to be an
“epal’ or “kapalmuks’ simply, being an
attention grabber.
 12. Being onion-skinned or too sensitive

• Another habit or attitude that we need to change is our being

too proud which usually results to being oversensitive. If we
think highly of ourselves, then we have the tendency to put a
wall around us and that a sign board on our forehead saying, “I
must be respected.” Therefore, when someone makes a joke
or a not so positive comment about us, we feel like we are not
respected and we get offended. If all people in the country do
not know how to accept constructive criticism, then we can
never expect unity.
 13. Living beyond their means (social climbing )

• One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in poverty

is because of overspending. Since most people want to
live an elite lifestyle, many resort to social climbing or
living beyond their means. Sometimes, some of us
think that as long as we wear designer clothes and
shoes, and we spend our children to the most
expensive schools, it is alright to be swimming in
credits and loans.
 14. Passivity (lack of leadership)
• Filipinos’ lack of initiative for change is also one reason why our
country does not progress. We keep on complaining against the
government and other societal issues. However, we do not do
anything about them. One of our excuses is the lack of faith that
are small actions can bring change. However, the worse reason
for this could be our lack of care for what is happening around
us. Common Filipinos also lack courage and confidence. If you
can notice it, in classrooms, churches, or conference rooms,
most of us don’t like to sit in the front seat.
 15. Other Negative Traits
• Some Filipino women give birth at an early age 16
(Teenage Pregnancy). Some just don’t mind their own
business. Some have many bad habits, like drinking,
smoking, etc. Some poor teenagers engage in
prostitution. There are many broken families. A lot of
bad words to choose from which Filipinos just can’t
avoid saying those. Most Filipinos tend to be with
friends most of the time than to be with their parents.
FILIPINO CHARACTER AND
PERSONALITY
 Three Main Traits Underscoring Filipino Values
(Excerpted from the Philippines Australia Business Council)

1. Personalism – Filipino valued interpersonal

relationship. It is firmly believed that harmonious
personal relationship is the key to the successful
endeavours. Amicable settlement of dispute is the
primary means of restoring broken relationships and face-
to-face open forum is considered once conflict is
recognized in an organization or the community.
 2. Familialism
• Filipinos are family-oriented. Development programs
and projects in the community are concentrated on the
family. Decision on matters is centered on the welfare
and best interest of the family rather than on the
betterment and interest of some individuals. The
mistakes committed by a family member affects the
credibility and of the immediate members of the family
and relatives.
 3. Particularism
• Displayed behaviour by the individuals may it be good or
bad is blamed against the family. It is based on the principle
that home is the cradle of human personality and character
that is, the product of goodness is always good and those
who are molded in wickedness, will always show-off
badness. Individuals strive to promote their own and their
family’s interests over community interests.
• On the other hand, knowing how to entertain
people (marunong umasikaso sa kapwa) is
important. Conformity to proper codes of
conduct reaps the rewards of cooperation
and assistance; non-comformity is punished
by withdrawal of support
NATIONALISM
AND
PATRIOTISM
 BASIC CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM AND
PATRIOTISM

• Nationalism
– is an ideology and movement defined by
promoting the interest of a particular
nation, in particular with the aim of
acquiring and maintaining the nation’s
sovereignty over its country of origin
(Smith, 2010).
 Nationalism

– It also aims to build and maintain a single national

identity, based on shared social characteristics
such as culture, language, religion, politics and
belief in a distinctive shared history and to
promote national unity or solidarity. (Yack, 2012)
– It therefore seeks to preserve and encourage a
nation’s traditional culture
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)

The country is described from prior
generations in terms of ethnicity and descent. It
also involves the concept of a shared culture
among group members, and generally a shared
language.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)

The states derives political legitimacy from its
citizens ‘ active involvement and the extent to which it
reflects the “will of the individuals.” Civic nationalism lies
within the traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but it is
contrasted with ethnic nationalism as a type of
nationalism.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

3. Expansionist Nationalism
A radical form of imperialism that
includes independent, patriotic feelings with
a faith in expansionism, generally through
military aggression.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

4. Romantic Nationalism
It is otherwise known as organic nationalism
and identity nationalism. Is the form of ethnic
nationalism in which the state derives politically
legitimacy as a result and expression of the nation’s
natural
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(5) Cultural Nationalism

The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic or
ethnic.
Therefore, if a person is from a nation but their child grew up
in another culture, then despite that person's nationality, their
child is considered to be from the nationality of the culture they
grew up in, and must learn their parent's culture in order to be a
member of their parent's nationality (even though that parent's
child is a citizen of their nation). Thus, cultural nationality is not
achieved through citizenship as in civic nationalism
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(6) Third World Nationalism

Nationalist feelings are the outcome of
opposition to colonial rule to survive and
maintain a domestic identity.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(7) Liberal Nationalism

Is a kind of nationalism lately defended by political
philosophers who think that a non-xenophobic form of
nationalism compatible with liberal values of liberty, tolerance,
equality and individual rights can exist (Tamir, 1993, Kymlicka,
1995, Miller, 1995).
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(8) Religious Nationalism

Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith,

church, or affiliation. It can be seen that a shared religion
contributes to a sense of domestic unity and a mutual
bond between the nation’s people.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(9) Pan - Nationalism

Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a
country that is itself a cluster of associated ethnic
and cultural communities (such as Turkish peoples).
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(10) Diaspora Nationalism

Diaspora is an ethnic population residing
outside their traditional homelands. In this type of
nationalism there is a nationalist sense, e.g. the Irish
in the United States, the Jews in the United States
and elsewhere etc.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(11) Stateless Nationalism

On nationalist basis (e.g. the Catalans and
Basques in Spain) an ethnic or cultural minority
within a nation-state aims independence.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(12) National Conservatism

A political term, mainly used in Europe, to describe a
version of conservatism that focuses more on domestic
interests than conventional conservatism, while not being
unduly nationalist or pursuing a far-right agenda.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(13) Revolutionary nationalism

Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological
theory that calls for a domestic group united by a
shared sense of intent and destiny, also known as
radical nationalism.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

(14) Left-Wing Nationalism

Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred
to us socialist nationalism, relates to any political
movement combining left-wing or socialism with
nationalism.
 Patriotism

Patriotism or national pride is a sense of love,

dedication and attachment to a country and an
alliance with other people who share the same
impression. This attachment can be a mixture of
many distinct emotions, including ethnic, cultural,
political or historical elements, related to one’s own
country.
 Kinds of Patriotism

(1) Patriotism of Duty

This includes fidelity to one’s nation through
material acts. This is military service patriotism and
other selfless sacrifice types. This is where
patriotism becomes embodied and its ideals take
praiseworthy particular actions.
 Kinds of Patriotism

(2) Patriotism of Affection

This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about one’s internal desire for his
country’s well- being. The patriotism of affection can be seen in patriotism
of duty, but it does not necessarily result in it; one can truly love his
country and yet be a coward, just as one can theoretically fulfil a patriotic
duty and yet feel apathetic about the country’s welfare.
 Kinds of Patriotism

(3) Patriotism of Manners

This is customs patriotism, written and
unwritten. The patriotism of manners is to place
one’s hand over the heart during the national
anthem. It can be performed by anyone without
actually needing affection or duty patriotism
 types of patriotism

(1) Personal Patriotism

Is emotional and voluntary. The patriot adheres to certain patriotic
values, such as respect for the flag or the honoring of veterans. Other
expressions of personal patriotism include enlisting in the army, public
service, and participation in the political process through voting or other
forms of activism.
 types of patriotism

(2) Official Patriotism

Promoted by the government which has a high symbolic and
ceremonial content. It is a logical consequence of the state itself, which
derives legitimacy from being the expression of the common good of the
political community.
 types of patriotism

(3) Symbolic Patriotism

In wartime is intended to raise morale, in turn
contributing to the war effort.
 types of patriotism

(4) Peacetime Patriotism

Cannot be so easily linked to a measurable gain
for the state, but the patriot does not see it as inferior.
Difference between patriotism and nationalism

Patriotism feelings are based on the country’s positive

values– like liberty, justice, and equality while
Nationalism emotions are based on the belief that one’s
nation is superior to all others.
 Chapter III

FILIPINO NATIONALISM
“ Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its
essence to know profoundly the past, so that we may be in
complete openness with the men who made that history
and in intimate communion with their thoughts, their
deeds and their noble lives.”
Claro M. Recto Jr.
• 1800- Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines with an upsurge
of patriotic feelings and nationalistic ideals resulting from more
than two decades of Spanish rule.
• This served as the backbone of, and continues to this, the first
nationalist revolution in Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896,
(Joacs,1990).
• These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a comprehensive
campaign in the Philippines for political and social and economic
liberty.
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• The Philippines had been split in to various principalities known as

“barangay” in the years before 11th century, a name originating from
Malayan ships called “balangays”. Datus, rajahs or sultans governed
these tiny political units (Halili 2004 ).
• In 1565, when Spanish explorer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived from
Mexico and established the first European colonies in Cebu, European
colonization started in earnest.
• Starting with only five ships and five hundred men accompanied by
Augustinian monks and further strengthened by two hundred
soldiers in 1567, he was able to repel competing Portuguese
colonizers and lay the foundations for the Spanish colonization of
the archipelago.

• The Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Maynila and Tondo in 1571

founded Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies
(Kurlansky,1999). The Spanish colonization united the archipelago
of the Philippines in to one political unit.
 THE BEGINNING OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• Originally, the word “Filipino” referred to the Philippines “ Spanish criollos” . The
Spanish leaders describe the natives as Indians during their 333-year rule over the
Philippines (Royeca,2012). The Spaniards born in the Philippines, more known as
insulars ,criollos, or creoles, were also called “ Filipinos” during the colonial era as well.
Spanish-born Spaniards or Philippine based continental Spaniards were referred to as
Peninsular. Those of blended heritage have been called Mestizos. Despite being
considered inferior by the Peninsulars, the Creoles had enjoyed numerous role of the
state and church, and composed most of the bureaucracy of government. The feeling
of domestic awareness originated from the creoles , who now consider themselves
“Filipino”. Three significant factors, economy, education, and parish secularization
brought it to its emergence.
• These factor led to the Filipino Nationalism’s birth. The Philippines opening to
global or world trade. The increase of the upper class, and the influx of Europe’s
liberal thoughts were just a few instances of how the Philippines became a stable
nation. “The first manifestation of the Philippine nationalism followed in the
1880s and 1890s with a reform or propaganda movement carried out both in
Spain and in the Philippines with the aim of “propagandizing” the circumstances
of the Philippines in the hopes that the social, political and financial life of the
Philippines would change by peaceful means (History of the Philippine Revolution
“, 2015).
 OTHER CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM
• Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement of our
people with the Filipino nation and domestic community, the
Philippines as our country and homeland. It goes beyond our family,
clan, tribe, village, city, province, religion, local culture and religion.
First and foremost, it is being pro-Filipino; believing that we belong
to one body, mind, soul and spirit. It’s a pride of a Filipino; self-
respect as a Filipino; pride in our national heritage.
Filipino national identity based in part on our indigenous vaLUES

a. Pagsasarili (self- reliance)

b. Pakikisama (equitable sharing and partnership)
c. Pagkabayani (patriotism)
d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensous and discipline)
e. Pakikitungo
f. Pakikipagkapwa – tao
g. Pagkakapantay- pantay
 Different ways to show Filipino sense of nationalism

1. Respect the Philippine flag and value Filipino identity

2. Be productive
3. Be aware of the issues of the country
4. Stand proud for every achievement
5. Patronize and support our own products
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
7. Respect everyone and value our own tradition
8. Speak out our own Language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country.
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our countrymen
 Filipino symbols that promotes a sense
of Nationalism
• Symbols are very, very important to people in quite a
lot of countries, especially if these symbols are
related to a sense of nationalism. The officially
recognized national symbols of the Philippines are:
 The Philippine Flag
• The National Flag of the Philippines is a horizontal
flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red,
with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist.
• In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with
eight primary rays, each representing a Philippine province.
• At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-
yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's
three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas
• The white triangle at the flag represents liberty, equality,
and fraternity.
 Coat of Arms of the Philippines
The Coat of arms of the Philippines (Filipino: Sagisag ng
Pilipinas; Spanish: Escudo de Filipinas) features the eight-rayed sun of
the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces
- Batangas
- Bulacan
- Cavite
- Manila
- Laguna
- Nueva Ecija
- Pampanga and Tarlac)
which were placed under martial law by Governor-General Ramón
Blanco during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed stars
representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas,
and Mindanao.
 Lupang Hinirang
• It is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was
composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were
adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José
Palma in 1899.
• Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as
the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and
subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine
independence on 12 June 1898.
 Sampaguita
(Jasmine Sambac)

• The Philippine national flower is the

“sampaguita" (jasminium sambac),
which was declared as the national
flower in 1934 during the American
occupation of the Philippines under the
administration of General Frank Murphy.
• It symbolizes purity and simplicity, the
flower is small, white and pleasantly
fragrant.
 Narra
(Pterocarpus)

• The national tree of the is the sturdy and

durable narra, which symbolizes the
Filipino people’s indomitable spirit and
strength of character.
• The national tree of the is the sturdy and
durable narra, which symbolizes the
Filipino people’s indomitable spirit and
strength of character.
Philippine Eagle
(Pithecophaga Jefferyi)

The Philippines national bird. It is

acknowledge to be severely endangered.
The Philippine Eagle is protected by law in
the country and there is extreme
punishment for any harm done to them.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda was a Filipino nationalist and
polymath during the tail end of the Spanish
colonial period of the Philippines. He is
tagged as the national hero of the Filipino
people.
 Cariñosa
Cariñosa
(Spanish pronunciation:[kaɾiˈɲosa],
• meaning the loving or affectionate one) is a Philippine
dance of colonial era origin from the Maria Clara suite of
Philippine folk dances, where the fan or handkerchief
plays an instrumental role as it places the couple in
romance scenario.
Tinikling
• is a traditional Philippine folk dance which originated
during the Spanish colonial era. The dance involves two
people beating, tapping, and sliding bamboo poles on
the ground and against each other in coordination with
one or more dancers who step over and in between the
poles in a dance.
Carabao

Carabao (water buffalo) considered as the

Philippine national animal which symbolizes the
Filipino’s willingness to perform hard work with
diligence and forbearance.
Bangus
(milk fish)

The Philippines’ national fish. It symbolizes

versatility, because of the many ways in which it
can be cooked.
Mango
The national fruit. Philippine mango is acclaimed
as the sweetest variety of its kind on a global
scale. The dried mango is one of the most in
demand products being exported to other
countries.
Barong
The barong tagalong is another widely acclaimed
Philippine product because its intricate embroidery and
crisp elegance make it suitable as well as comfortable for
formal gatherings, in lieu of the tuxedo ensemble.

Baro’t Saya
The "baro't saya" is the traditional white loose-fitting
blouse with bell-shaped sleeves used to overlap an equally
loose-fitting long skirt that often comes in plaid or
checkered prints of red, yellow and orange.
 “BAYAN KO” AND “PILIPINAS
KONG MAHAL”
• Bayan ko and Pilipinas Kong Mahal In the Philippines, patriotic songs
are often sung by people at political rallies, protests and
demonstrations.
• These are also performed in plays and patriotic song or dance numbers,
especially in schools during Araw ng Kalayaan (Independence Day)
celebrations in June and Buwan ng Wikà (Language Month) in August.
• The song was composed by Filipino musician, Francisco Santiago and
lyrics by Ildefonso Santos.
• This specific song is usually sung during flag retreat.
 Arnis
• Republic Act 9850 of 2009 is the official
declaration of arnis, as the country’s national
sport and form of martial art, signed by then
president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
• Arnis refers to one or two sticks made from
rattan, and used as weapons for defending
one’s self by way of striking, thrusting and
Anahaw
Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia) is another
indigenous material, which symbolizes the
resourcefulness and craftsmanship of the
Filipino people.
Nipa Hut
The nipa hut or bahay kubo, is a type of stilt
house indigenous to the cultures of the
Philippines. It is also known as payag or kamalig
in other languages of the Philippines. It often
serves as an icon of Philippine culture.
IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS IN
THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 THE RISE OF THE LIBERAL IDEAS
• The liberal ideas came to the Philippines thru the continuous contact
of the Filipino illustrados with the West.
• Martin Luther, a German clergy started to question the different
policies of the church which he thought did not correspond with the
teachings of the Bible.
– Giving of indulgence
• The French People had their revolution against the Monarchy of King
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. They imposed excessive taxes to
people.
 INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS
• In 1834, the port of manila opened for the International trade and
this brought tremendous development in the economy of the
Philippines.

• The hacienderos and the Inquilinos were able to participate in the

trading of tobacco, rice sugar, abaca and other Filipino goods.
SUEZ CANAL
 THE ADMINISTRATION OF CARLOS MARIA DELA TORRE

• Governor General Carlos Maria Dela Torre was a liberal leader who was
assigned in the Philippines in 1868.
• - He solicited suggestions from the Filipino natives about the
administration of the country.
• - He abolished the espionage and implemented the freedom of speech.
• - His liberal ideas made him the champion for the Filipinos but angered
the Spanish in Manila and the friars.
• - He was replaced by Governor General Rafael dela Quierdo (1870-73)
 SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT
• The liberal administration in Spain ordered the closure of all the
churches in Spain so the friars traveled to the Philippines.

• Because of the increasing number of regular priests with secular

priest in the Philippines, the church faced the problem in the
deployment of these priest

• To solve the problem, they replaced the secular priest with regular
priest and this action pushed the Filipinos to create a secularization
movement.
 THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA

• In 1861, Archbishop Gregorio Meliton Martinez issued decree which

removed the parishes of the secular priest from them and transferred it
under the control of the recollects and Jesuits priest.

• The secular priest fought for their rights and sought the assistance of
marshal Francisco Serrano.

• To solve the problem, they replaced the secular priest with regular priest
and this action pushed the Filipinos to create a secularization
movement.
 Father Mariano Gomez

• A CHINESE – FILIPINO , born in cavite who held the most senior position
of the three as Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite.

• He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as

though it were his penance for being pro- FILIPINOS
 FATHER JOSE BURGOS

• Was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines

• He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to
be close to the Liberal Gov. General De La Torre.
• He was 35 yrs. old at the time and he was active and outspoken in
advocating the Filipinization of the clergy.
• He wrote to defend the secular and was known to weep like a child
 Father Jacinto Zamora
• He was also a Spanish , born in the Philippines

• He was a parish priest of the Marikina and was known to be unfriendly

to and would countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior
from Spaniards coming Spain

• He once snubbed a Spanish governor who came to visit Marikina

• In January 20, 1872, the workers in Cavite had the rebellion against the
additional deductions of their salary and the lost of exemption in
tribute.

• GARROTE- it is an execution technique previously practice in Spain

where a tightened iron collar is used to strangle or break convicted
person’s neck. It is said to be the form of execution performed to the
three priests.
• FEBRUARY 17, 1872 – The day of the execution of the 3 priests at Luneta
(Bagumbayan)
• The rebellion happened in Cavite arsenal, however, the accused leader
of the rebellion was the GOMBURZA.
• This was due to the testimony of Franicisco Zaldua, the only witness that
they had.
 -Propaganda Movement or Reform
Movement-
• Also known as Junta De Propaganda, Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La
Solidaridad, was founded in !9th century by the illustrados, to improve
the lives of low Indios thru reforms or changes implementated in the
colony. The founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciangco,
Doctors of law who laid the foundation of the movement in Madrid.
 Propagandists or reformists

• They were the Filipino reformists who fled the country to escape
persecution in 1872. They didn’t have the intention of achieving social
changes through armed struggle and revolution rather they campaign
for reform or change by way of writing.

• They advocate reform by writing books, pamphlet and newspaper. They

were popularly known as illustrados (Intellectuals) in Spain, England and
France.
 -The Goals of propaganda movement-
• The main goals of the Propaganda Movement was to create reforms in the
Philippines. Students, who created the movement, wanted the Philippines to be
acknowledged as a province of Spain and to be represented in the Spanish Cortes.

• Status of the Filipinos and Spaniards was supposed to be equal – as well as the
human rights, for example freedom of speech and press.

• One of the main goals was also to secularize parishes of the Philippines.
 -The Goals of propaganda movement-
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes (legislative branch in
Spanish government)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly.
 -Major causes for the establishment of the
propaganda movement-

• The following causes the creation of the Propaganda Movement:

1.Emergence of Middle Class
2.The Liberal Administrative of Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y
Nava Cerrada
3.Execution of GOMBURZA
4.Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos
 -Three leading reformists in 19th century -

1.Dr. Jose P. Rizal

2.Graciano Lopez Jaena
3.Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
José Rizal
• (José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda,)
Born : June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—
Died December 30, 1896
Cause of death
• Execution by firing squad
Monuments
• Luneta Park, Manila,
• Calamba, Laguna,
• Daet, Camarines Norte,
• Carson, California
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Alma mater
• Ateneo Municipal de Manila
• University of Santo Tomas
• Universidad Central de Madrid
Organization
• La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina
• Spouse(s)
• Josephine Bracken (1896)[6]
Parents
• Francisco Rizal Mercado (father)
• Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal
• The greatest reformist in the Philippine
society.
• The first person who thought that the
Philippines was a nation and the Filipinos
should be united and educated to reform
their own society.
Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec 18, 1856
• His parents encourage him to be a priest. However,
Graciano wanted to become a doctor.
• He left the seminary and enrolled in the School of Medicine
in University of Sto Tomas but due to financial difficulties
he wasn’t able to finish his medical degree and forced to go
back in Iloilo.
• The poor people of Iloilo consulted him for medical
problems.
• He started the campaign for freedom in 1887 by writing
“Fray Botod” (La hija de fraile) means “Big- Bellied Friar.” In
his work he revealed the gluttony, indolence and
greediness of friars as represented by Fray Botod.
• He went to Negros Occidental to avoid arrest in 1880,
• He went to Valencia Spain and continues his medical degree
but later shifted to Journalism in Madrid.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar also known by his pen name
Plaridel was regarded as the greatest journalist of
reform movement.
• Born on August 30,1850 in San Nicolas, Bulacan ,
Bulacan.
• He used his grandmother's surname based on Gov.
General Narciso Claverias decree in 1849 - "Filipino's
should adopt a Spanish surname.
• Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Jose
• He took up Law at University of Sto. Thomas but unable
to finish it because he was suspended when hen
inquired the increase in baptismal fee. He was also
imprisoned for 30 days for this offense.
Other Filipino Reformists
KKK (Katas-taasan, Kagalang galangan na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or
Katipunan).
• This was founded on July 7, 1892 same day that
news about Rizal’s exile to Dapitan. Deodato
Arellano was the first president of Katipunero
followed by Roman-Basa then by Andres
Bonifacio.
• The KKK members were Divided when it
increased more than one hundred Katipon,
Kawal, Bayani. Each category has its own
password and members undergo blood
compact.
KATIPUNEROS

• Katipuneros refers to the sons of the

people, used triangle method to
recruit members, where every
member should recruit two new
members who would only kknow
each other after passing the initiation
rites.
Andres Bonifacio
• ANDRES BONIFACIO/Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
(November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897)
• Known to be “ Supremo of Katipunan” was one of the
founders of Katipunan. He wrote poem, letters, essays
and dialogue his writing are:
• • Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa- wherein he discussed
the importance of loving motherland.
• • Katapusang Hibil ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya.
• • Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Tagalog- explained how
Philippines entered an era of darkness under the
Spaniards
Andres Bonifacio

• He explained in essay the meaning of word

Tagalog- it did not only refer to particular ethnic
group but to all inhabitants who lived near
bodies of water (tags-ilog). Everybody should be
rightfully called Tagalog.
• His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan. He
prepared a Decalogue to serve as guide for
katipuneros “Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga
Anak ng Bayan” but later adopted the “Kartilla
ng Katipunan” of Emilio Jacinto.
 Emilio Jacinto
• Regarded as the “Brain of the Katipunan.”
• Born, December 15, 1875 in Trozo, Manila
• Took up Bachelor of Arts from the Colegio De San
Juan De Letran.
• He took up his Law from the University of Sto. Tomas
but he was not able to finish it because of revolution.
• He joined the katipunan in 1894 under the name of
pingkian. He wrote the kartilla ng katipunan that
serve as moral and ethical guide for katipuneros. His
other works are liwanag at dilim and la patria
Emilio Jacinto

• He became an editor in chief of Kalayaan, an official

newspaper of katipunan.
• He assigned to rescue Rizal while waiting the ship
going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be rescued.
• He fought with cazaderos or Spanish riflemen in
Maimpis, Magdalena Laguna, where he was wounded
on the knee.
• He died due to malaria on April 6, 1899 in Sta
CruzbLaguna
 Dr. Pedro Paterno

• A doctor of law who wrote the

novel entitled “inay,” the first
Filipino novel that shows the
Filipino’s developed culture.
 Antonio Luna
• Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta
• October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899
• Filipino army general who fought in the Philippine–American
War.
• One of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio
Ricarte as the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines.
• He sought to apply his background in military science to the
fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized
professional guerrilla soldiers later called the "Luna
Sharpshooters" and the "Black Guard".
• His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense Line,
gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces
north of Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of
a military base in the Cordillera
STRUCTURES AND ELEMENTS OF
FILIPINO VALUES
 The Filipino Value system is known to possess significant key
components based on research, surveys, observations, anecdotes and
other literatures developed by scholars and researchers in relation to
Filipino social values or core values, together with the Filipino character
or identity of a person or individual known as the Filipino.
One may notice how Hiya (ownership/dignity), Pakikisama
(companionship/esteem), and Utang na Loob (gratitude/solidarity) are
simply Surface Values readily seen and appreciated by many Filipinos.
These three values are deemed branches of a single origin Filipino
Personality’s real core value.
 It implies’ totality,’ referring to society, or not doing stuff alone.
Ibang Tao (other people) and Hindi Ibang Tao (not other people) are two
types of Kapwa. The Surface Values spin off the Core Value through
Pakikiramdam’s Pivotal aspects or mutual internal perception (“feeling
for someone else”).
Other notable elements or motivations are optimism about the
future, pessimism about current circumstances and activities, concern
and concern for other individuals, the presence of friendship and
friendliness, the habit of being hospitable, spiritual nature, respect for
oneself and others, respect for the female members of society, fear of
God, and abhorrence of cheating and other acts.
The values of the Filipinos specifically uphold the following
elements:
– Family unit solidarity
– Security of the Philippine economy
– Orientation towards small groups
– Personalism
– The concepts of “loob” or “kalooban” (meaning “what’s inside the
self,”) the “inner self” or the “actual personal feelings of the self”)
– Existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal relationships
and the sense of the self.
In the boarder image, these values are categorized into particular
clusters or “macro clusters”
1. Clusters of Relationship
2. Social Clusters
3. Cluster of Livelihoods
4. Cluster of Inwardness
5. Cluster of Optimism
THE FIVE CORE FILIPINO VALUES
 Based on Dr. Ramirez’s study “The Filipino Worldview and
Values” and her perspectives as a phenomenological sociologist from
centuries of practice, here are the Five Core Filipino Values based on a
Filipino’s Basic Aspirations.

1. Mapagpasalamat
2. Matatag
3. Masigasig
4. Mapagmalasakit
5. Magalang
 Mapagpasalamat
This is based on the aspiration of
Filipinos to “Pamumuha” (Life) and
“Pananalig sa Diyos at Kapwa” (God
and People Faith). Filipinos understand
how life can be enjoyed. We have plenty
of vacations, celebrations, occasions,
and meetings. Filipino are cheerful and
sociable, of course. Even the depressing
circumstances, we wear smiles on our
faces. That’s because we’re always
looking at life’s bright side.
 We always have positive
outlook because, even in the
smallest things, we always find
things to be grateful for. We
would always say “Salamat sa
Diyos” (Thank God) whenever
excellent things occur because
Filipinos would attribute the
blessings of life to the Higher
Being from whatever religion.
We alse recognize other people’s
excellent acts towards us and do
our utmost to return the favor.
Matatag
Filipinos being in a nation In reality, the popular phrase
susceptible to natural disasters, of the Philippines is “ayos na.”
have adjusted and learned to be When we are able to overcome
powerful in moments of need and problems , we say “Ayos Na”. We
in difficult circumstances that life
Filipino’s are longing for
throws at us. This power is derived
from our love for our family and
“Kaayusan,” and we will endure
our belief in the greater being. all and be powerful in the midst of
This is based on Filipino’s hardship and challenges until we
“Kaayusan” (order) aspiration. overcome the barriers.
 Masigasig
We do everything we can do to get it when Filipino’s dream of
something. We’re doing it for our loved ones and relatives. This is based on the
“Kasaganaan” (Abundance) and “Ginhawa” (Relief) aspiration of Filipinos.
Not for himself, but for his family, a Filipino aspires to abundance.
Masaganang Bagong Taon (Bountiful New Year) is the Filipino translation for
Happy New Year because we match happiness and celebration with abundance.
“Ginhawa” in Bisaya implies breath. And the soft breath flow is the soft
life flow we call “Ginhawa.” “Ginhawa” is the feeling of well-being in a
Filipino, according to lay theologian Dr. Jose de Mesa. Overseas Filipino
Workers (OFWs) would be an instance of enduring being away from home to
offer their families a healthy life abundance and relief from hardships.
 Mapagmalasakit
It is because of our family love extended to friends, neighbors and others
that naturally sympathetic Filipinos. This compassion allows us to assist others
without in exchange asking for anything. This is based on the aspiration of
Filipinos to “Loob at Damdamin” and “Kapwa” (Other People). “Loob” is the
seat of the dignity of the Philippines. Filipino’s personality is expressed in his
“kalooban.” Filipinos tune in the “kalooban” of each other by checking the
situation of each other and talking about the life of each other.
Filipinos use “kapwa” to refer not only to a stranger, but to a relative, a
neighbor next door, a distant relative, or a friend because of our family culture.
Our characteristics of “Mapagmalasakit” makes it simple for us to promote the
spirit of Bayanihan to unite and assist one another during calamities and to
celebrate together on unique occasions.
 Magalang
The use of po, opo and
pagmamano (hand kissing) are
separate methods of regard for
Filipino people. We say these
phrases and use this gestures to
demonstrate our respect and love
to elderly. The Filipino’s respect is
not just limited to the elderly but
also to other people’s properties,
emotions, and ideas. We are polite
people.
 CHAPTER IV
FILIPINO CORE VALUES
 Basic Concept of Values

 Core values are a person’s or organizations fundamentals belief.

 These guiding principles dictate conduct and can assist individuals to
know the distinction between right and wrong.
 It also assists organizations by establishing an unwavering guide to
determine if they are on the correct track and fulfill their objectives.
 Values are essential because they assist us to grow.
 They assist us build the future that we want to experience.
 The choices we make reflect our values and beliefs and are always aimed
at a particular purpose. That aim is our person or collective
(organizational) needs to be satisfied.
 We make our choices using our values, we create a conscious decision to
concentrate on what matters to us.
 FILIPINO VALUES SYTEM

Race strains and cultural components such as Aeta have

derived Filipino values.
Indonesians, Malayan Hindu and Chinese who created
our moral scruples core.
Filipino’s rejoice in the sight of other co-Filipino’s were
in a foreign nation.
 Landa Jocano

A famous sociologist says that “ There are no negative

Filipino values, only the wrong use of values”
Values slowly alter, but it depends on how powerful
families are to preserve, promote and pass on our
cultural values from one generation to the next.
Here in the Philippines, values are really of importance
and should be respected. As we grow older, our parents
shaped us different values. From the time we are born.
Pagkalinga, Pag-aaruga, at Pakialam (Care) were given
by them. This value shapes our real Filipino culture,
showing that we are conscious of others.
 The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set
of values that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important
in their lives.
 It involves the distinctive combination of:

Coherent ideologies
Moral codes
Ethical procedures
Cultural etiquette and
Private values promoted by the Philippine society
As with any society though, the values that an individual
holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion,
upbringing and other factors.
As a general description, the distinct value system of
Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance systems,
especially those based in kinship, obligation, friendship,
religion (particularly Christianity) and commercial
relationships.
 Philosophical Foundation of Filipino Values
 Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social
harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a
group.

 The main sanction against diverging from these values are the
concepts of "Hiya", roughly translated as 'a sense of shame', and
"Amor propio" or 'self-esteem'.

 Social approval, acceptance by a group, and belonging to a group

are major concerns. Caring about what others will think, say or do,
are strong influences on social behavior among Filipinos.
 Models of the Filipino values
1. Exogenous model or the foreign model
A "legal and formal" model is defined as the international model.

The foreign model was inherited by Filipinos from Western cultures,

particularly from the Spaniards and the Americans. An example of a
foreign or exogenous influence is bureaucracy exhibited in
the government of the Philippines
 Models of the Filipino values
2. The Indigenous Model
is described as a "traditional and non-formal" model
or guide but is deeply embedded in
the subconscious of the Filipinos.
 Structures and Elements of Filipino Values

The Filipino value system is known to possess

significant key components based on research,
surveys, observation, anecdotes and other
literatures developed by scholars and researchers
in relation to Filipino social values or core values,
together with the Filipino character or identity of
a person or individual known as the Filipino.
 3 Surface Values

Hiya (Ownership/ dignity)

Pakikisama (Companionship/ esteem)
Utang na Loob (Gratitude/ solidarity)
Origin –Filipino Personality’s real core value- KAPWA
 Other Notable elements or Motivation

 Optimism of the future

 Pessimism about the current circumstances and activities
 Concern and concern for other individuals
 The presence of friendship and friendliness
 The habit of being hospitable
 Spiritual nature
 Respect for oneself and others
 Respect for the female members od society
 Fear of God
 Abhorrence of cheating and other acts
 Filipino Values Uphold the following elements

 Family unit solidarity

 Security of the Philippine economy
 Orientation towards small-groups
 Personalism
 The concept of “loob” or “kalooban”
 Existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal relationships, and
the sense of the self
 These values are categorized into particular clusters or “macroclusters”

1. Cluster of Relationship
2. Social Cluster
3. Cluster of Livelihoods
4. Cluster of Inwardness
5. Cluster of Optimism
 The Five Core Filipino Values

1. Magpasalamat
 This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Pamumuhay”
(Life) and “Pananalig sa Diyos at Kapwa” (God and People
Faith). Filipinos understand how life can be enjoyed. We have
plenty of vacations, celebrations, occasions and meetings.
Filipinos are cheerful and sociable. Even in depressing
circumstances, we wear smiles on our faces. That’s because we
are always looking at life’s bright side.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

1. Magpasalamat
 We always have a positive outlook because, even in the smallest things,
we always find things to be grateful for.

 We always say “Salamat sa Diyos” whenever excellent things occur

because the Filipinos would attribute the blessings of life to the Higher
being from whatever religion

 We also recognize other people’s excellent acts towards us and do our

utmost to return the favor.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

2. Matatag
Filipinos, being in a nation susceptible to natural disasters, have
adjusted and learned to be powerful in moments of need and in difficult
circumstances that life throws at us. This power is derived from our love for
our family and our belief in the greater being. This is based on Filipino’s
“Kaayusan” (Order) aspiration.
 The Five Core Filipino Values
2. Matatag
In reality he popular phrase the Philippines is “Ayos
Na” When we are able to overcome problems, we say
“Ayos Na”. We Filipinos are longing for “Kaayusan”, and we
will endure all and be powerful in the midst of hardships
and challenges until we overcome the barriers.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

3. Masigasig
We do everything we can to get it when
Filipinos dream of something. We’re doing it for our
loved ones and relatives. This is based on
“Kasaganaan “(Abundance) and “Ginhawa” (Relief)
aspiration of Filipinos. Not for himself, but for his
family, a Filipino aspires for abundance.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

3. Masigasig
 “Ginhawa” in Bisaya implies breath.
 The soft breath flow is the soft life flow we call “Ginhawa.”
 Ginhawa is the feeling of well being in a Filipino, according to
lay theologian Dr. Jose de Mesa. OFWs would be an instance of
enduring being away from home to offer their families a
healthy life – abundance and relief from hardships.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

4. Mapagmalasakit
 Love extended to friends, neighbors and others that naturally
sympathetic
 Based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Loob at Damdamin” and “Kapwa”
(other people)
 “Loob” is the seat of the dignity of the Philippines
 Filipino’s personality is expressed in his “kalooban”
(Checking the situation of each other and talking about the life of
each other)
 The Five Core Filipino Values

4. Mapagmalasakit
 Filipinos use “kapwa” to refer not only to a stranger, but to a relative, a
neighbor next door,a distant relative, or a friend because of our
familyculture
 Mapagmalasakit makes it simple for us to promote the spirit of
Bayanihan- to unite and assist one another during calamities and to
celebrate together on unique occasions.
 The Five Core Filipino Values

5. Magalang
 The use of po, opo and pagmamano (handkissing) are separate methods
of regard for Filipino people.
 The Filipino’s respect is ot just limited to the elderly but also to other
people’s properties and emotions, and ideas
The Philippine National Police
Core Values

Love of God
Respect for Authority
Respect for Women
Respect for Sanctity of marriage
Responsible dominion and Stewardship
over material things
Truthfulness
 The Philippine National Police Core Values

Being a noble profession the police service demands from its members
specialized understanding and abilities, as well as great standard of ethics and
morality.
The members of the PNP therefore conform to and internalize the key
principles of:
 Love of God
 Respect for Authority
 Respect for Women
 Respect for Sanctity of marriage
 Responsible dominion and Stewardship over material things
 Truthfulness
 Section 2-2 The Police Officer’s Creed

• I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider,

and the Creator of all men and everything dear to me.
In return, I can do no less than love Him above all, by
obeying His word, seeking
• His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties,
and honoring Him at all times.
 Respect for Authority
• I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I
respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws
of land and the applicable rules and
regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and
authority of the leadership; and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.
• Authority - the power or right to give
orders, make decisions, and enforce
obedience
• Legitimacy – legitimate, lawful power
• I believe in selfless love and service to people.
Towards this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my
personal interest.
• I believe in the sanctity of marriage and
family life. I shall set the example of
decency and morality and shall have high
regard for family life and value of marital
fidelity.
• I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship
over material things. I shall inhibit myself from
extravagance and ostentatious display of material
things. I shall respect private and public properties and
prevent others from destroying them. I shall help
protect the environment and conserve nature to
maintain ecological balance.
• I believe in the wisdom of
truthfulness.
• I must be trustworthy and shall
uphold the truth at all times.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

S-ervant hood
E-xcellence
R-esponsibility with Accountability
V-aluing People and Respect for Human Rights
I-ntegrity
C-ourage
E-mpowerment
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Servant hood
As a police affirm its unconditional service and
love for the nation and individuals. Police value a
supportive and professional role serves and protects
its clientele and community with honesty, utmost
devotion and commitment above private concern.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Excellence
Police are committed in doing and making things
occur effectively and efficiently in all of their efforts as
they strive to accomplish more consistently and
outstandingly with tangible outcomes and far beyond
their best.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Responsibility with Accountability

Police carry out and execute their responsibilities and
tasks as their moral duty is to serve the public with due
diligence and always bearing in mind that they are
accountable and duty bound to promote the public
interest.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Valuing People and Respect for Human Rights

Police always maintain their fellow human
beings dignity whenever they cater their needs and
are delicate and cautious in serving and protecting
them with compassion and utmost regard for their
human rights.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Integrity
Police take an uncompromising and coherent
position in the fulfillment of their obligation to live
an honest, upright and dignified life according to
the highest ethical and moral norms where their
advocacy, values and convictions are compatible
with their words and actions.
 The Police in the Philippines is expressed in acronym SERVICE

Courage
From their moral strength police draw their
collective and individual power and approach to
always accept difficult duties, and they are courageous
enough to speak out against temptation, anomalies,
corruption and exploitation and stand firm.
 EMPOWERMENT

• Police reach out and create bridges of

collaboration, nurture volunteerism, and
operate in harmony with their clientele by
training individuals for a better society in the
process.
Related Philippine Laws that Promotes Nationalism and
Patriotism

CHAPTER V
 Learning Objectives

• At the end of this chapter the students should be able to ;

1. Recognize different laws that promote nationalism and
patriotism in the Philippines.
2. Discuss Gender and Development and its related laws.
 Republic Act No. 10086
– An act strengthening people’s nationalism through Philippine history by changing
the nomenclature of the National Historical Institute into the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines, strengthening its powers and functions, and for
other purposes; also known as the Philippine Cultural Heritage Act of 2010.
 Republic Act 8044

• Also known as the Youth in Nation-Building Act; an act creating

the National Youth Commission, establishing a National
Comprehensive and Coordinated Program and Youth
Development, Appropriating funds therefore, and for other
purposes
 Republic Act 1425
• An Act to include in the curricula of all public and
private schools, colleges and universities courses on the
life, works and writings of Jose Rizal particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for
other purposes.
 The 1987 Constitution

• Art II of Section 13.

– The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-
building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate
in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
 Republic Act 10390
– An Act Amending Republic Act No. 7306, Entitled "An Act
Providing For The Establishment Of The People’s Television
Network, Incorporated, Defining Its Powers And Functions,
Providing For Its Sources Of Funding And For Other
Purposes“; also known as “An Act Revitalizing the People’s
Television Network Incorporated”.
 Republic Act 10390
• TITLE I. Section 2
– "(b) Give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture,
and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social
progress, and promote total human liberation and development;
– "(c) Develop the broadcasting industry as a medium for the
development, promotion and advancement of Filipino nationalism,
culture and values that serve as an instrument in the struggle for
Filipino sovereignty, identity, national unity and integration;
 Republic Act 9512
• Approved last December 12, 2008 also known as an Act to
promote environmental education for other purposes or
the National Environmental Education for other purposes
or the National Environmental Awareness and Education
Act of 2008.
 Republic Act 9512
• Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - Consistent with the policy of the
State to protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature, and in recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation
building and the role of education to foster patriotism and
nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development, the state shall promote national
awareness on the role of natural resources in economic growth
and the importance of environmental conservation and ecological
balance towards sustained national development.
 Gender and Development
 Philippine Commission on Women defined Gender and
Development (GAD) to the development perspective and
process that is participatory and empowering, equitable,
sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights,
supportive of self-determination and actualization of human
potentials.
 Gender and Development
 A development approach that seeks to equalize the
status and condition of and relations between
women and men by influencing the processes and
outputs of policymaking, planning, budgeting,
implementation, and monitoring and evaluation so
that they would deliberately address the gender
issues and concerns affecting the full development
of women.
 Gender and Development
 Approach focuses on the socially constructed basis of difference
between men and women and emphasizes the need to
challenge existing gender roles and relations.
 GAD was developed in 1980 as an alternative to the Women in
Development (WID) approach
 It is not concerned specifically with women, but with the way in
which society assigns roles, responsibilities and expectations to
both women and men.
 Gender and Development
 Applies Gender and Analysis to uncover the ways in which
men and women work together presenting results in neutral
terms of economics and efficiency.
 The World Bank was the 1st International organization to
recognize the need for Women in the Development ,
appointing a WID Adviser in 1977.
 Gender and Development
 Is concerned with women and her specific roles,
responsibilities and expectations in the society.
 It also analyzes the nature of women’s contribution within the
context of work done both inside and outside the household
and reflects the public/ private dichotomy that undervalues the
work done by women in the home.
 Gender and Development
 It focuses on the principle that development is for all.
 Everyone on the society may it be male or female has the right to
equal opportunities to achieve a full and satisfying life.
 It does not define the following:
1. Not a war of the sexes
2. Not anti-Male
3. Both women and men are the victims although women more than
men
4. Both have a stake in the struggle for gender equality.
 Gender Equality
 Means that women and men enjoy the same status and
conditions and have equal opportunity to realize their potentials
and to contribute to social, political, economic and cultural
development.
 It means that there is no sex discrimination in the allocation of
resources and benefits or access to services, and that both men
and women have equal opportunity to realize their potential to
contribute and benefit from development.
 Women Empowerment
 An essential process for women’s advancement. It is the process
and condition by which women are mobilize to understand,
identify and overcome gender discrimination and achieve
equality.
 Women become agents of development, and not just
beneficiaries. This kind of participation in development enables
them to make decisions based on their own views and
perspectives. To empower women, access to information,
training, technology, market, and credit is necessary
 Women Empowerment
 An essential process for women’s advancement. It is the
process and condition by which women are mobilize to
understand, identify and overcome gender discrimination
and achieve equality.
 Women become agents of development, and not just
beneficiaries. This kind of participation in development
enables them to make decisions based on their own views
and perspectives. To empower women, access to
information, training, technology, market, and credit is
necessary
Gender and Development Related Laws and Issuances in the
Philippines
Philippine Plan for gender and Development, 1995-2025
 National Plan that addresses provides and pursues
full equality and development for men and
women. Approved and adopted by former
President Fidel V Ramos as Executive No. 273 on
September 8, 1995, it is the successor of the
Philippine Development Plan for Women, 1989-
1992 adopted by Executive No. 384 of February
17, 1989
 Gender and Development Related Laws and Issuances in
the Philippines
Republic Act No. 9710
(Magna Carta for Women)
Approved on August 14, 2009 which mandates for the
non-discriminatory and pro-gender equality and equity
measures to enable women’s participation in the formulation,
implementation and evaluation of policies and plan for
national, regional and local development.
 Gender and Development Related Laws and Issuances in the
Philippines

Memorandum Circular No. 2011—1

dated October 21, 2011
Addressing to all Government and Departments
including their attached agencies, officers, bureaus, State
Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government Owned and
Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) and all other Government
instrumentalities as their guidelines and procedures for the
establishment, strengthening and institutionalizing of the
Gender and Development (GAD) Focal Point System (GFPS)
 Gender and Development Related Laws and Issuances in the
Philippines

Republic Act 7877-

Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
It is an “Act Declaring Sexual
Harassment Unlawful in the Employment,
Education or Training Environment, and for
other purposes” was approved on February 14,
1995 and became effective on March 5, 1995.
Republic Act 9262- Anti Violence Women Against Their Children Act of
2004

It protects the family and its members particularly

women and children from violence, threats to their
personal safety and security.
Republic Act 9262- Anti Violence Women Against Their Children Act of 2004
 Republic Act 7192 – Women in Development and
Nation Building Act
 The act provides guidance and measures that will
mobilize and enhance participation of women in the
development process in ways equal to that of the men.
 An Act Promoting The Integration Of Women As Full
And Equal Partners Of Men In Development And Nation
Building And For Other Purposes.
 Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013

Directing all concerned government

agencies to adopt the gender Equality
Guidelines in the Development of their
respective Media Policies and
Implementing Programs in order to
promote gender mainstreaming.
 Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013
 WHEREAS, Section 16, Chapter 4 of Republic Act No. 9710,
otherwise known as “The Magna Carta of Women”,
mandates the State to formulate policies and programs for
the advancement of women in collaboration with
government and non-government media-related
organizations and to raise the consciousness of the
general public in recognizing the dignity of women and
the role and contribution of women in the family,
community, and the society through the strategic use of
mass media;
 Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013

NOW, THEREFORE, all concerned government

agencies are directed to adopt the gender
equality guidelines for media, namely: Gender
Equality Guide, Code of Ethics for Media, and
Guidelines to Protect Women against
Discrimination in Media and Film, as
frameworks in developing media policies and
implementing programs in order to promote
gender mainstreaming.
 Republic Act 10354
 The responsible parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or the RH
Law. It is the Law in the Philippines, which
guarantees universal access to methods on
contraception, fertility an control, sexual
education, and maternal care.
 1987 Philippine Constitution
 Section 14 Article 2 of the Constitution
provides that, "The State recognizes the role
of women in nation building, and shall
ensure the FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before
the law of women and men."
 Sex and Gender: How do they differ?
“An extremely important of an individual’s identity and one
that begins at least at birth, is gender.”
-Dr. Kenneth Cushner, 2012
GENDER refers to the specific set of
characteristics that identifies the social
behavior of women and men and the
relationship between them and the way it is
socially constructed.
 Sex and Gender: How do they differ?

In general terms, “sex” refers to the

biological differences between male
and female, such as the genitalia
and genetic differences.
 Sex and Gender: How do they differ?
SEX GENDER
Categorized as male and female Masculinity and femininity

Biological Socially, cultural and historically

determined

Fixed at birth Learned through socialization

Does not change across time and space Varies over time and space

Equally valued Unequally valued (Masculinity as the

norm)
 Sex and Gender: How do they differ?
Gender identity/ gender role includes knowledge of a large
set of rules and expectations for what boys and girls should
wear, how they should speak and act, and their place in the
overall structure of the society.
It can be affected by:
1. Race – each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct
physical characteristics.
 Sex and Gender: How do they differ?
2. Ethnicity - the fact or state of belonging to a social group that
has a common national or cultural tradition.

3. Social Class- a division of a society based on social and

economic status; upper class, working poor, and poverty level.

4. Religion – a particular system of faith and worship

5. Geographical Region – A demarcated area of the earth.

 Common Myths About Gender
1. If a father does the household work, he is considered as
“under the saya”
2. Men are better leaders and administrators than women.
3. It is the woman’s fault if she is being harassed sexually when
she is wearing skimpy clothing.
4. It is not proper for a girl to say “I love you”
5. The mother should be the only one responsible for child-
rearing and parenting.
 Terms Related to Gender
1. Socialization – is the process by which social norms, roles and expectations
are learned and internalized.
2. Gender and Socialization – is the process by which norms and expectations in
relation to gender are learned by women and men.
3. Gender Stereotype - a form of prejudgment, bias or limitation given to roles
and expectations of males and females. These may affect the gender equality
and inequality in the society.
4. Gender Equality – gives men and women the entitlement to all aspects of
human development.
5. Gender Inequality – refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals
based on their gender.
 Gender Stereotype Involves the Differentiations

Attributed by a given culture to women and men, in

the following aspects:

1. Social Roles
2. Capacities
3. Traits and Characteristics
1. Gender Stereotype Involves the SOCIAL ROLES between Men and Women
MEN WOMEN
Provides financially for the family Takes care of the house and children
Works as managers, construction builder or engineers Works as nurse, teacher, secretary

Portrayed as leaders Portrayed as followers

2. Gender Stereotype Involves the CAPACITIES between Men and

Women
MEN WOMEN
Good in Math and Science Good in Arts and less Intellectual pursuits
Physically strong Physically weaker and fragile
Firm decision makers Wish- washy or fickle minded in decision making
3. Gender Stereotype Involves in Traits and Characteristics between Men and
Women

MEN WOMEN
Active Passive
Aloof Loving
Aggressive Peaceful
Independent Dependent
Brave Fearful
 Areas or Channel of Socialization
1. Family
2. Church
3. Mass Media
4. School
5. Peers
 1. Family
From the Latin word “Familia”
is a group of people related either by consanguinity
(by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other
relationships) or co-residence (relatives and
servants). It is also known as the basic unit for raising
children. In most societies, the family is the principal
institution for the socialization of children.
 2 Types of Family
1. Immediate Family – may include spouses,
parents, brothers, sisters, sons and daughters.
2. Extended Family – may include grandparents,
aunts, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings –
in-law.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
1. Matrifocal Family- this kind of family occurs commonly
where women have the resources to rear their children by
themselves or where men or mobile than women; opposite
of patrifocal family.
2. Patriarchal Family – is a family in which the father is
considered head of household; this is true regardless of
which parent is the primary breadwinner (in a household
with a working mom and stay-at-home dad; also known as
the father-centered family or father dominated family;
opposite of matriarchal family.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
3. Conjugal Family/ Nuclear Family/ Single Family -
a traditional form of family that includes only the
husband, the wife and the unmarried children who
are not of age.
4. Avuncular Family – a family composed of a
grandparent, a brother, his sister, and her children.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
5. Childless Family – is sometimes the “forgotten family” as it
does not meet the traditional standards set by society. Childless
families consist of two partners living and working together.
Many childless families take on the responsibility of pet
ownership or have extensive contact with their nieces and
nephews.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
6. Extended Family – Family that extends beyond the nuclear
family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other
relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
7. Family of Choice/ Chosen Family – is common within the
LGBT community, both in the academic literature and in
colloquial vocabulary. It refers to the group of people in an
individual’s life that satisfies the typical role of family as a
support system.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
8. Blended Family or Stepfamily – describes families with
mixed parents: one or both in parents remarried,
bringing children of the former family into the new
family.
9. Monogamous Family – In this case, an individual has
only one (official) partner during their lifetime or at any
one time.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
10. Polygamous Family – a family composed of marriage that includes
more than two (2) partners (polygamous).
a. Polygamy – a man is married to more than one wife at a time
which is common in some parts of Middle East and Africa and is often
associated with Islam.
b. Polyandry – when a woman is married to more than one
husband at a time; traditionally practiced in areas of Himalayan
mountains, among Tibetans, in Nepal, in parts of China and in parts of
India.
 General Classifications of Family Structures
c. Fraternal Polyandry – where two or more brothers are
married to the same wife.
d. Polyamory – If a marriage includes multiple husbands
and wives; group or conjoint marriage.
Processes Involved in Gender Socialization (Ruth Hartley)

1. Manipulation – means that people handle girls and boys

differently as infants.
2. Canalization – means that people direct children’s attention
to gender-appropriate object.
3. Verbal Appellation – telling children what they are and what
is expected of them.
4. Activity of Exposure – familiarizing children to their gender –
appropriate tasks
 2. CHURCH/ RELIGION
It is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs, systems, and
worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values.
The practice of a religion may also include rituals,
sermons, commemoration or veneration of a deity, gods or
goddesses, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, initiations,
funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer,
music, art, dance, public service or other aspects of human
culture.
 EFFECTS OF RELIGION
1. Regular attendance at religious service is linked to healthy,
stable family life, strong marriages, and well-behaved
children.
2. Religious worship also leads to a reduction in the incidence
of domestic abuse, crime, substance, abuse and addiction.
3. In addition, religious practice can increase physical and
mental health, longevity, and education attainment.
 EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA IN SOCIALIZATION

1. Media sexualization of young female celebrities

2. Video games that promote violence and negative
stereotypes.
3. Music lyrics and music videos that promote negative
stereotypes and violence
4. Sex stereotype in kid’s TV program
 3. MASS MEDIA
These are diversified media technologies that are intended
to reach to a large audience by mass communication. It has an
immense impact on young minds. With the advent of the
Internet, television, now has a partner in the role of visual
stimulant of young minds. The culture portrayed by the mass
media emphasizes glamour, sexual satisfaction, and promiscuity,
comedic, vulgarity, violence, and immediate gratification of
needs.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MASS MEDIA
1. Broadcast media – such as radio, recorded music, film and television transmit their
information electronically.
2. Print Media – use a physical object such as a newspaper, book pamphlet or comics,
to distribute their information.
3. Outdoor Media – is a form of mass media that compromises billboards, signs or
placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops
and buses.
4. Public Speaking and Event Organizing – can also b considered as form of mass
media.
5. Digital Media – comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet
media provides many mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs, and
internet based radio and television.
 4. SCHOOL
It is an Institution for educating children, any
institution at which instruction is given in a particular
discipline, a group of people. It is an artificial institution
set up for the purpose of socialization and cultural
transmission.
This can be regarded as a formally constituted
community as opposed to mutual communities
How the School Performs the function of Socialization?
e. Schooling teaches how to cooperate.
f. Schooling instills the community’s pattern of respect; thus how to
relate to others well and obey the rules.
g. Schooling enables one to internalize the culture of one’s society.
h. Education leads toward tolerant and humanitarian attitudes. For
example, College graduates are expected to be more tolerant than (high
school graduates in their attitudes towards ethnic and social group.
How the School Performs the function of Socialization?
1. Through the curriculum, the school in a formal way provides the child with:
a. Knowledge of basic intellectual skills such as reading, writing, verbal
expression, quantitative and other cognitive abilities,
b. Education teaches language and allows people communicate with each other
according to positions in society.
c. Cultural achievements of one’s society.
d. Opportunities to acquire social and vocational abilities which are necessary in
order to make one a social useful and economically productive member of the
society..
e. Gender roles as perceived as suitable roles by the society.
How the School Performs the function of Socialization?
2. Educational Systems socialize students to become members of society, to
play meaningful roles in the complex network of independent positions.
3. Educations helps in shaping values and attitudes to the needs of the
contemporary society.
4. Education widens the mental horizons of pupils and teaches them in new
ways of looking themselves and their society.
5. Education offers young people opportunities for intellectual, emotional and
social growth. Thus education can be influential in promoting new values an
stimulating and adaptation of changing conditions.
How the School Performs the function of Socialization?
6. Informally and specially through the social clubs, the school enables the
child to learn a number of other social roles and skills which are also important
for his/ her overall development as a member of society.

a. Education teaches the laws, traditions and norms of the

community, the rights that individuals will enjoy and the responsibilities
that they will undertake.
b. Education teaches how one is to behave towards his playmates and
adults.
c. Education teaches how to share things and ideas.
d. Education teaches how to compete responsibly
 5. Peer Groups

These are both social group and primary group of

people who have similar interests (homophily), age,
background, or social status. The members of this groups
are likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behavior.
Peer group contain hierarchies and distinct patterns of
behavior.
 Positive Effects of PEER Groups
1. Serve as a source of information
2. Teach gender roles
3. Serve as practicing venue to adulthood
4. Teach unity and collective behavior in life
5. Identity formation – is development al process where a
person acquires a sense of self.
Negative Attributes (DISADVANTAGES) of PEER Groups
Influence
1. Peer pressure – often used to describe instances where an
individual feels indirectly pressured into changing his
behavior to match that of his peers.
2. Future problems
3. Risk behaviors
4. Aggression and pro-social behavior
5. Sexual promiscuity
CHAPTER VI
CITIZENSHIP
 CITIZENSHIP
– Is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political
society, which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty
of allegiance on the part of the member and duty
protection on the part of the State.
CITIZEN is a person having the title of the
citizenship.
 Citizenship And Citizen Distinguished From Nationality
And National
From the point of view of International law “citizenship”
and “citizen” do not exactly mean the same as “nationality” and
“national.” The national of a State include not only its citizens
who enjoy full civil and political privileges but also all others
who are not its citizens, but because they owe allegiance to it,
are not regarded as aliens. While all citizens of a State.
 Meaning of Subject and Alien

Citizen – is a member of a democratic community who enjoys

full civil and political rights. In Monarchial State, He is often
called Subject.

Alien – is a citizen of a country who is residing in or passing

through another country. He is popularly called “foreigner.” He
is not given the full rights to citizenship but is entitled only to
receive protection as to his person or property.
 General Ways of Acquiring Philippine Citizenship

1. Involuntary Method – by birth, because of blood relationship

or place of birth.

2. Voluntary Method – by naturalization, except In case of

collective naturalization of the inhabitants of a territory which
takes place when it is ceded by one state to another as a result of
a conquest or treaty.
 What are the Modes of Acquiring Philippine Citizenship?

1. Filipino By Birth/ Natural Born Filipino

a. Jus Soli (right of soil) which is the legal principle that a person’s
nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth (e.g. the territory
of a given state)

b. Jus Sanguinis (right of blood) which is the legal principle that,

at birth, an individual acquires the nationality of his/ her natural
parent/s. The Philippine adheres to this principle.
 2. Filipino by Naturalization/ Naturalized Citizen

• - which is the judicial act of adopting a foreigner and

clothing him with the privileges of a native-born citizen.
It implies the renunciation of a former nationality and
the fact of entrance into a similar relation towards a
new body.
 Classification of Filipino Citizens
(Art IV, Section 1, Philippine Constitution)
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the
adoption of this Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
 Ideals Policy on Naturalization

The policy on naturalization should be guided by our

national interest. Perhaps the ideal is that only those who
have come to love the country, who have integrated
themselves into the citizenry and who can contribute to
the development of the nation should be conferred
citizenship by naturalization.
 Naturalization

– It is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the

political body of the state and clothing him with the
rights and privileges of citizenship. It implies the
renunciation of a former nationality and the fact of
entrance to a similar relations towards a new body
politic.
 Nature of Naturalization

An alien does not have a natural, inherent or vested fight

to be admitted to a citizenship in a state. Citizenship is a
matter of grace, favor or privilege which a sovereign
government may confer on, or withhold from, an alien or
grant to him under such conditions as it sees fit without the
support of any reason whatsoever.
 Citizenship in our republic be it ever most powerful nation if
the world, Can take such citizenship for granted or assume it as a
matter of right. In view of the above principles, the rule is that in
case of doubt concerning the grant of citizenship, such doubt
shall be resolved in favor of the state and against the applicant
for naturalization.
 Three Ways of Acquiring by Naturalization
1. By judgment of the court. – The foreigner who wants to become
a Filipino citizen must apply for naturalization with the proper Regional
Trial Court.
2. By direct act of congress. – In this case our law-making body
simply enacts an act directly conferring citizenship or a foreigner.
3. By administrative proceeding
Under R.A. No.9139 (Jan, 8, 2001), Known as the administrative
naturalization law of 2000,”aliens born and residing in the Philippines may
be granted Philippine citizenship by administrative proceedings before a
special committee on naturalization. The petition for citizenship shall be
filled with the committee which has the power to approve, deny or reject
application as provided in the law.
 Who May Qualify As Philippine Citizen By Naturalization Under The Revised
Naturalization Act?

Under Section 2, CA 573 or the Revised Naturalization Law

the applicant must possess the following qualifications:
1. He must be not less than twenty-one years of age on
the day of the hearing of the petition;

2. He must have resided in the Philippines for a

continuous period of not less than ten years;
3. He must be of good moral character and believes in
the principles underlying the Philippine Constitution,
and must have conducted himself in a proper and
irreproachable manner during the entire period of his
residence in the Philippines in his relation with the
constituted government as well as with the community
in which he is living.
 4. He must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than five
thousand pesos, Philippine currency, or must have some known lucrative
trade, profession, or lawful occupation;

5. He must be able to speak and write English or Spanish and any one
of the principal Philippine languages;

6. He must have enrolled his minor children of school age, in any of the
public schools or private schools recognized by the Office of Private
Education of the Philippines, where the Philippine history, government and
civics are taught or prescribed as part of the school curriculum, during the
entire period of the residence in the Philippines required of him prior to the
hearing of his petition for naturalization as Philippine citizen.
 Who Are Not Qualified To Apply For Naturalization Of The Revised
Naturalization Law?
Under Section 4 of the Revised Naturalization Law, the following persons
cannot qualify for Philippine Citizenship:

1. Persons opposed to organized government or affiliated with any association

or group of persons who uphold and teach doctrines opposing all organized
governments;

2. Persons defending or teaching the necessity or propriety of violence,

personal assault, or assassination for the success and predominance of their ideas;

3. Polygamists or believers in the practice of polygamy;

• 4. Persons convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude;

5. Persons suffering from mental alienation or incurable contagious diseases;

6. Persons who, during the period of their residence in the Philippines, have
not mingled socially with the Filipinos, or who have not evinced a sincere
desire to learn and embrace the customs, traditions, and ideals of the Filipinos;

7. Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the United States and the
Philippines are at war, during the period of such war;

8. Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United States

whose laws do not grant Filipinos the right to become naturalized citizens or
subjects thereof.
 LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
A Filipino citizen may lose his citizenship in any of the following ways:
1. Voluntarily.
a. by naturalization in foreign country
b. by express renunciation of citizenship;
c. by subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the
constitution and laws of a foreign country;
d. by rendering service to, or accepting commission in the
armed forces of a foreign country ( except under certain
circumstances).
The voluntary lost or renunciation of one’s nationality is called
EXPATRIATION. In time of war, however, a Filipino citizen cannot expatriate
himself.
2. Involuntary
a. by cancellation of his certificate of naturalization
by the court: and
b. by having been declared by competent authority, a
disaster in the Philippine armed force in the time of war.
 What Are The Grounds For Reacquiring Lost Philippine
Citizenship?
Reacquisition of lost Philippine citizenship. Citizenship may be reacquired:
1. by naturalization provide the applicant possesses none
of the disqualifications provided in the naturalization law.
2. by repatriation – affected by merely taking the necessary oath
of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and registering the same
in the proper civil registry.
3. by direct act of the congress of the Philippines.
 Retention And Reacquisition Of Citizenship

Filipinos aboard may now acquire dual citizenship. R.A. No.

9225, the “Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003”
(approved August 29, 2003), declares it the policy of the State
that all Philippines citizens who become citizens of another
country shall be deemed not to have lost their Philippines
citizenship under the conditions of the Act.
 The Oath of Allegiance

"I,________________, solemnly swear that I will support and

defend the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and obey
the laws and local orders promulgated by the duly constituted
authorities of the Philippines, and I hereby declare that I recognize
and accept the supreme authority of the Philippines and will maintain
true faith and allegiance thereto, and that I impose this obligation
upon myself voluntarily without mental reservation or purpose of
evasion."
 Derivative Citizenship

The unmarried child, whether legitimate, illegitimate or

adopted, below 18 of age, of those who re-acquired Philippines
citizenship upon affectivity of the Act shall be deemed citizens of
the Philippines.
 Civil and Political Rights and Liabilities

Those who shall retain of re-acquire Philippine citizenship under the

Act shall enjoy full civil and political rights and be subject to all attendant
liabilities and responsibilities under the existing laws of the Philippines and
the following conditions:

1. Those intending to exercise their right of suffrage must meet

the requirement under Section 1, Article V of the Philippine
Constitution, RA 9189 otherwise known as “ The Overseas Absentee
Voting Act of 2003 and other existing Laws.
 2. Those seeking elective public office in the Philippines shall meet
the qualifications for holding such public office as required by the
Constitution and existing laws and, at the time of the filing of the
certificate of candidacy, make a personal and sworn renunciation of any
and all foreign citizenship before any public officer authorized to
administer an oath;

3. Those appointed to any public office shall subscribe and swear to

an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and its duly
constituted authorities prior to their assumption of office: Provided, That
they renounce their oath of allegiance to the country where they took that
oath;
4. Those intending to practice their profession in the Philippines shall apply
with the proper authority for a license or permit to engage in such
practice; and

5. That right to vote or be elected or appointed to any public office in the

Philippines cannot be exercised by, or extended to, those who:
a. are candidates for or are occupying any public office in the
country of which they are naturalized citizens; and/or
b. are in active service as commissioned or non- commissioned
officers in the armed forces of the country which they are naturalized
citizens.
What Is The Effect Of Marriage Of A Citizen To An Alien?

1. Under Section 4, a Filipino citizen who marries an alien does not

automatically lose his or her citizenship, even if his or her nationality was
granted by his or her husband’s or wife’s country.
2. Only by their act or omission are they deemed under the law to
have renounced their citizenship such as taking an oath of allegiance to a
foreign country.
3. If a Filipino woman marries an alien and acquires her
husband’s citizenship, she will possess two citizenships,
Philippine citizenship and that of her husband.
 What is an Allegiance?

Allegiance is loyalty owed by a person to his state. Section 5

prohibits more particularly naturalized Filipinos from practicing what is
called “dual allegiance” declaring it inimical to national interests. Note that
what Section 5 prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual allegiance of
citizens.
Dual citizenship arises because our laws cannot control laws of
other states on citizenship but dual allegiance can be a matter of personal
choice or decision.
 What Are The Duties And Obligation Of The Citizens?

1. To be loyal to the republic.

By loyalty, we mean faith and confidence in the republic
and love and devotion to the country. The citizen must be proud
of his country, its customs, traditions, language, and institutions.
He must share in its glories and feel sad in its misfortunes. It is
the “home of our people, the seat of our affections and the
source of our happiness and well-being.”
2. To defend the state.
Men may differ and do differ on religious beliefs and creeds,
government policies, the wisdom and validity of laws, even the
correctness or judicial decisions and decrees, but in field of love
of country, national unity, and patriotism, they can hardly afford
to differ for these are matters in which they are mutually and
vitally interested, for to them they mean national existence or
survival as a nation or national extinction.
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the
state.
The development and welfare of the state should be
the concern of every citizen for he will be the first to
enjoy the benefits thereof. Anything that affects him,
individually and personally. He is affected by its ills and
disorder, growth and stability.
4. To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.
The Constitution is the expression of the sovereign will of
our people. It is the shrine for all the hopes and visions for our
nation. Laws are enacted in accordance with it for the good of all.
It is therefore the duty of every citizens to defend and respect the
constitution and obey the laws. If the people would disregard
them, the government would collapse, and this would mean
lawlessness and the disintegration of the social order. The
constitution contains provisions designed to insure that is the
accord.
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.
The larger interest of the group and the nation that he must
serve necessarily involve his own. And he would be recreant to the
claims of citizen should take care that in his daily life he does not that
interest if he did not actively concern himself with the affairs of his
government. It is not enough for example that a citizen should take
care that in his daily life he does not violate any of the multitudinous
rules.
Regulations and ordinance of the states. He must also to it that the laws
are observe by the whole community. That the officers of the laws attends to
their enforcement and properly perform their duties supine and passive inaction
is worse than actual and flagrant infringement of the laws of the land. In the
letter case, the laws itself provides a remedy and administer a corrective
measure to the erring individual.
 6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for
the rights of others.
Society is composed of men, each with interest of his own.
In the course of life, the interest of man conflict with those of
many others. Amidst the continuous clash on interest, the ruling
social philosophy should be that, in the ultimate social order, the
welfare of every man depends upon the welfare of all.
7. To engage in gainful work.
Employment is not the obligation solely of the state. Every
citizen should consider it his own responsibility and should strive
to become a useful an productive member of society to assure
not only himself but, perhaps, more important, his family a life
worthy of human dignity.
8. To register and vote.
Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty which every qualified
citizen must perform. It is through suffrage that the will of the
people is expressed. The quality of public official of the
government, depend, direct or indirectly, upon the voters.
Thank you!