COVID-19

Farhana Ahmed Jeny

Dept. of Law,
Roll:56
Dhaka International University
 Outline
• Introduction
• Structure of Covid-19
• Origin of Covid-19
• Symtomps
• How It Spreads
• Risk Factor
• Impacts of Covid-19
• Testing
• Treatments
• Prevention
• Conclusions
 Introduction
 The COVID-19 pandamic has been a deadly pandamic that has
affected the whole world.
 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease
caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
 It is a contagious disease caused by the virus.As it is a virus ,it
will change with the time and different version will keep coming.
 The disease quickly spread worldwide,resulting in the COVID-
19 pandamic.
 Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to
moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring
special treatment. However some will become seriously ill and it
also causes death sometimes.
 People need to work more on this topic and prevent it as much
as they can.
Structure of COVID-19
• Medium-sized virus size, but largest mRNA genome
• Enveloped +ve stranded RNA
• mRNA encased in nucleocapsid
• Lipid Bilayer – Soap works to disrupt this!
• Corona = Crowns for Spikes
• Glycoprotein Spike (S) Peptomer
• Spikes allow it to attach to human cell receptors in upper or lower
airway.
 Encodes four or five structural proteins:
– S – spikes on the outside; mediates receptor binding
– M – membrane protein; assists viral assembly
– N – nucleocapsid protein; regulation of viral RNA synthesis,
may interact with M protein during virus budding
– E – small envelope protein; function necessary but not fully
understood
– HE – hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein in Beta coronavirus
OC43 and HKU1 only; enhances uptake into mucosal cells.
 Origin of COVID-19
 The recent outbreak began in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei province of China.

Reports of the first COVID-19 cases started in December 2019.

 Coronaviruses are common in certain species of animals, such as cattle and

camels. Although the transmission of coronaviruses from animals to humans is rare.

this new strain likely came from bats, though one study suggests pangolin may be

the origin.

 However, it remains unclear exactly how the virus first spread to humans.

Some reports trace the earliest cases back to a seafood and animal market in

Wuhan. It may have been from here that SARS-CoV-2 started to spread to humans.
 Symptoms
Most Common Less Common Serious
Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms
•fever •sore throat
•headache
•difficulty breathing or
•cough •aches and pains shortness of breath
•diarrhoea •loss of speech oar
•tiredness •a rash on skin, or mobility, or
•loss of taste or discolouration of fingers confusion
or toes •chest pain
smell •red or irritated eyes
 Risk Factor How It Spreads
The risk is higher for anyone in close contact with
people who have COVID-19, such as
healthcare workers. Viruses can also spread
more in certain areas, such as highly populated SNEEZE/ COUGH
BY INFECTED PERSON INFECTED DROPLETS INFECTED DROPLETS

cities.Older adults are most at risk of severe GET ON YOUR HAND

illness, as are people with the following chronic

health conditions:
• serious heart conditions, such as heart failure,
AND WHEN TOUCH
coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies ANY SURFACE OR PERSON VIRUS transmission SNEEZE/ COUGH
BY INFECTED PERSON
• kidney disease
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• obesity, which occurs in people with a body
mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher INFECTED DROPLETS
Infected droplets

• sickle cell disease

• a weakened immune system from a solid organ
transplant
• type 2 diabetes Virus transfered!!
 Impacts of COVID-19
This deadly pandamic has affected all the sectors of our daily life.
It has made our life harder than ever. There are some sectors
given below which has been effected the most during COVID-
19 :
 Educational Sector :
 Students, schools, colleges and universities have been
deeply impacted. The students cannot attend the school due
to the quarantine time of COVID-19.
 As the internet isn’t available everywhere in the
world ,many students cannot attend the online classes.
As a result they are being kept far from the successful
life.
 There is no confirmation of their exams ,classes etc.

 The age of the students are increasing day by day but

still in the same class due to the quarentine time of
 Impacts of COVID-19
 Impact on Economy : Economy is Impact on Society : Human being is a
considered as the most important part of a society . The safety of the
sector of all and the most effected society is main.
one. It has effected the food security,
Due to the quarentine time most of processing ,over all affected the entire
the people lost their source of food system.
income. As a result the economy It has placed a millions of livelihood at
gradually keep going down. risk.
 All the Increased proverty and child labours.
factories ,companies ,restaurants Also caused political impact etc.
, business were shut down
because of this pandemic .
 As all the tourist visit were off, it
created a huge problem to the
 Testing
• RT-PCR:
– Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction of RNA
• Nasal AND Orophangeal Swabs (Collect 2 swabs)
• Sputum better (but more dangerous to collect?)
• Stool – not generally used for testing
• Blood or urine – virus not detected; blood could be tested for IgM, IgG later. DO get
(bacterial) blood cultures for any sick patient.
• PCR - 60-80% sensitive
– A single negative RT-PCR doesn't exclude COVID-19 (especially if obtained from a
nasopharyngeal source or relatively early in the disease course).
– If RT-PCR is negative but suspicion remains, consider ongoing isolation and re-sampling
several days later.
– Sensitivity from private labs may vary; no data yet. Also dependent on collection
technique and timing – early test on asymptomatic may not be accurate .
 Diagnosis
• Travel History, Exposure and
Symptoms most important
• Person Under Investigation
Criteria
• No specific physical exam
findings. Lungs may have rales
or rhonchi.
• Hypoxia, even silent hypoxia,
may be present, esp elders.
• Tachycardia and tachypnea.
• May present as severe asthma or
COPD exacerbation.
 Treatment
 Treatment at home:
• Try to stay in one place in your home.Use a separate bedroom and bathroom if you can.Tell
others you're sick so they keep their distance.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow.Wear a mask over your nose
and mouth if you can. The CDC recommends you use a well-fitting respirator mask (like N95s
and KN95s). These provide better protection than other masks.
• Wash regularly, especially hands.Don't share dishes, cups, eating utensils, towels, or
bedding with anyone else.
• Clean and disinfect common surfaces like doorknobs, counters, and tabletops.
• Treatment at Hospital :
• Check the levels of oxygen in your blood with a clip-on finger monitor.
• Listen to your lungs. Give you a chest X-ray or CT scan
• Give you a COVID-19 test. This involves putting a 6-inch cotton swab up both sides of your
nose for about 15 seconds.
 Prevention

Do Don’t HAND RESPIRATORY

• DO USE a handkerchief or a HYGIENE HYGIENE
tissue to cover your face •DO NOT use other
while coughing or sneezing
• DO THROW the used tissue ways of covering your
immediately into a closed face like the pallu of
dustbin the sari of the chunni or
• DO COVER your sneeze into
your bent upper arm in case the gamcha
you are not carrying a tissue •DO NOT spit in the
or a kerchief. open, always use a
• DO WASH hands
immediately after you have spittoon or wash basin
covered your sneeze or for spitting HIGH RISK
cough SOCIAL GROUP
DISTANCING