UNDERSTANDIN

G CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND
POLITICS
Prepared by:
MA. CATHERINE Y. CALDA
Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC s)

• Analyze the • Most

forms and Essential
functions of Topic: How
social Society is
organizations organized
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you (the students) will be
able to:
•
Identify groups within society and their functions
1.

• 2. Differentiate primary groups from secondary

groups
• 3. Analyze in-groups and out-groups as forms of
reference groups
• 4. Explore the facilitating affordances of networks
 Pre-lesson Remediation Activity :

Identify the following situations to which concept they belong:

Socialization, Enculturation, Conformity and Deviance

Socialization,
Enculturation Conformity, Deviance
• 1. In school, we learn the • 3.When a teacher gives a direction,
importance of obeying the extent to which the students
participate in following that
authority and that to be direction and have certain
successful, we must learn to expectations about what students
be quiet, to wait, and should and should not do in a
sometimes to act interested classroom environment.
even when we're not. • 4. A high school student is getting
drunk and partying every weekend
• 2. Jill is doing well in school, that result to being a dropout.
her home life, and socially,
which demonstrates that Jill
is a successful member of
 Motive Question: • ________________________________
Reflect and give the ________________________________
meaning of the saying ________________________________
below. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
 Motive Question:
Reflect and give the • No one is truly self-
meaning of the saying sufficient; everyone must
below. rely on the company and
comfort of others in order to
thrive.(Walang taong nabubuhay
para sa sarili lamang. Bilang tao,
kailangan natin ang tulong ng iba.
Kailangan din natin na tumulong sa
iba. Hindi tayo makakapamuhay na
hindi maaaring umasa sa tulong iba.
May magagawa din tayo para sa iba.)
Activity 1. Facts Check: Identify the key term being referred to by the following
situations. Chose the letter of your answer. Then, check your own answer using
the answer
a. Social key
groups d. primary group g. in group
b. Social aggregates e. secondary group h. out
group
c. Social
_____1. category
A group f. reference
of employees at a company with group i.
a product that is quickly becoming
groupthink
outdated started to consider and look for new alternatives to advance in the industry.
_____2. Being in a crowded supermarket or standing in line at a movie theater does not
make you feel like you belong with the people doing the same thing as you.
_____3. If you do not like sports, you may find that hanging out with a group of basketball
fans is meaningless.
_____4. Your family shaped your basic values in life.
_____5. Forming a temporary task group to plan a holiday party at work.
_____6. As a person, you may belong to many different types of groups: a religious group, an
ethnic group, your workplace colleague group, your college class, a sports team, etc.
_____7. If you like dogs, you may find out that hanging out with other dog-owners feels
significant to you.
_____8. You may share similar characteristics—like age, height, or you both wear glasses,
but you may not interact or feel the sense of belonging.
_____9. Your new roommate is an advocate of green campus and you asked your parents to
buy you bicycle, recycling bin, and other eco-friendly items.
KEY POINTS:
• A social group is a collection of people who interact with each
other and share similar characteristics and sense of unity. A
social category is a collection who do not interact but who share
similar characteristics.
• A social category can become a social group when members in
the category interact with each other and identify themselves as
members of the group. In contrast, a social aggregate is a
collection of people who are in the same place but who do not
interact or share characteristics.
• Primary groups are generally small and include intimate
relationships while secondary groups are larger and more
impersonal. Reference groups provide a standard for guiding and
evaluating our attitudes and behaviors
• An in group is a social group to which a person psychologically
identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is asocial
group to which an individual does not identify
 ANSWERS KEY

• I. Groupthink 1. A group of employees at a company with a

product that is quickly becoming outdated started to consider
and look for new alternatives to advance in the industry.
• C. Social category 2. Being in a crowded supermarket or
standing in line at a movie theater does not make you feel like
you belong with the people doing the same thing as you.
• H. out-group 3. If you do not like sports, you may find that
hanging out with a group of basketball fans is meaningless.
• D. Primary group 4. Your family shaped your basic values in life.
• E. Secondary group 5. Forming a temporary task group to plan a
holiday party at work.
 ANSWERS KEY

A. Social groups 6. As a person, you may belong to many

different types of groups: a religious group, an ethnic group,
your workplace colleague group, your college class, a sports
team, etc.
G. in-group 7. If you like dogs, you may find out that hanging
out with other dog-owners feels significant to you.
B. Social aggregates 8. You may share similar characteristics
—like age, height, or you both wear glasses, but you may not
interact or feel the sense of belonging.
F. Reference group 9. Your new roommate is an advocate of
green campus and you asked your parents to buy you bicycle,
 How society is
organized

How social groups organize one’s social

life?
 Social Groups

• Social Aggregates • Social Categories

 Social Groups
• can be defined as a
collection of people who
regularly interact with
one another on the
basis of shared
expectations concerning
behavior and who share
a sense of common
identity.
 Social Aggregates
• A simple collection of
people who happened to
be together in a
particular place but do
not significantly interact
or identity with one
another.
• Examples:
• Passengers in a plane
• People standing in line
 Social category
• People who share a
common a common
characteristics (such as
gender or occupation)
but do not necessarily
interact or identify with
one another. A simple
means of classifying
people according to a
shared trait or a
common status.
 Categories of groups / Groups
within the society
1. Primary group
2. Secondary group
3. Reference group
* In-group
*Out-group
4. Groupthink
 Primary group
• A small; characterized by long-lasting
intimate relationship which binds the
members together more than the goal.
• Examples: family, childhood friends, friends
and love relationship
 Secondary group
• Can be a large or small; common interests bind
the members together more than the relationship
• Mostly temporary; involves weak emotional ties
and little personal knowledge about one another
• This groups are typically found at work and school
• Examples: project group, workmate, business
associates, faculty and staff and etc…
 Reference group
• This is a group to which we compare ourselves.
• We use reference groups in order to guide our behavior
and attitudes and help us to identify social norms.
• Reference groups, such as those of college freshmen,
serve as a standard against which behaviors and attitudes
are measured.
• It may also be called as “identity association group” since
its creation is fueled by a person’s desire to provide a
character connection.
Classification of reference
groups
In-group Out-group
 In-group
• Social groups to which an individual feels
he/she belongs.
• One feels loyalty and respect for these
groups.
• Fraternities, sororities
 Out-group
• Social groups that an individual does not identify
with.
• One feels antagonism (or active opposition to
someone)and contempt for these groups.
• Example: sport team opponent
 Groupthink
• is a phenomenon that occurs when a group of
individuals reaches a consensus without critical
reasoning or evaluation of the consequences or
alternatives.
• Groupthink is based on a common desire not to
upset the balance of a group of people.
• a process by which the members of a group ignore
ways of thinking and plans of action that go against
the group consensus-is said to be taking place.
• In its general sense, is the psychological influence
Activity 2. The Spaceship Decision Activity

The earth is going to explode in 24 hours. As the ruler of the Earth, you are
the deciding factor to save your people. The only way to save your people is
to transport them to another planet. Unfortunately, the spaceship can only
transport five (5) of your people along with the pilot.

Given that the planet earth consists of the following population, who are
you going to bring? Choose the 5 chosen people.
a. A health practitioner f. A
member of the family (specify)
b.A female prostitute g. A
religious authority
c. A male teenager with bipolar h. A
businessman
d. A senior citizen i. Other
nationalities (specify)
e. A member of the LGBT community j. A law
Processing Questions:

1. What were your considerations in choosing the 5 people to ride in the spaceship?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What were the reasons for not choosing the other five?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. If there is still time to go back and save more of the remaining 5, would you do it or not?
Why?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Is it important for you to be able to identify your social groups? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
KEY POINTS:

 Social groups fulfill one of the basic psychological needs for survival: a sense of
belonging. Feeling needed and wanted motivates humans to persist and affects
mental health.

 An important feature of social groups is the way these groups allow friends and
peers to communicate to meet needs. Communication itself plays an essential
role in life, and individuals who are unable to communicate or lack social
groups may suffer from social isolation and depression
Activity 3-MAKING CONNECTIONS:
Cite one school activity that you really missed but has been greatly affected by this
Covid 19 pandemic especially your social networks/social groups. Give one situation of
such activity and provide 2-3 sentences explanation on why you choose such activity.

• Situation:

• Explanation:
 EAA 3- ANALYSIS OF KEY
INFORMANTS INTERVIEW:
• In this activity, you are expected to immerse yourselves in real-life
community issues from people who had experiences of social
problems thereby, allowing yourselves to understand how social
problems impact on individuals and collectivities by conducting an
interview concerning the impact of cultural, social and political
problems. In particular, you are tasked to do the following
• Using your identified problem in our EAA 1, conduct an interview
among the members of your community in the context of:
• a. What are the causes of the identified issue/problem in their local
community? (the influences of socialization and enculturation and
concepts of deviance)
• b. What are the effects of the said issue/problem to the community
(the concept of conformity and effects on the social interaction
 In a form of a slogan/ tagline, how are you
going to embrace diversity of different social
groups (such that society is organized in many
aspects).
• Example: Diversity: Embrace it, Share it, Celebrate
it. Don't go out of unity, it benefits you a lot.
Embracing our Differences, Changing the world. For
a better world for you and me let’s celebrate
diversity.
 Thank you!!!
In God’s Mercy We Serve with
Joy!!!