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LECTURE-1

C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup that supports object-oriented programming and offers low-level memory management. It differs from C in several ways, including support for classes, function overloading, and exception handling, making it more secure and versatile. The document also provides a basic example of a C++ program and explains its components.

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4 views

LECTURE-1

C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup that supports object-oriented programming and offers low-level memory management. It differs from C in several ways, including support for classes, function overloading, and exception handling, making it more secure and versatile. The document also provides a basic example of a C++ program and explains its components.

Uploaded by

Shub P
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 1

BASIC INTODUCTION OF C++

• C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ runs on a
variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. This C++ tutorial adopts a simple and
practical approach to describe the concepts of C++ for beginners to advanded software engineers.

• C++ is very close to hardware, so you get a chance to work at a low level which gives you lot of control in terms of memory
management, better performance and finally a robust software development.

• C++ programming gives you a clear understanding about Object Oriented Programming. You will understand low level
implementation of polymorphism when you will implement virtual tables and virtual table pointers, or dynamic type
identification.

• C++ is the most widely used programming languages in application and system programming. So you can choose your area
of interest of software development.
• C++ really teaches you the difference between compiler, linker and loader, different data types, storage classes, variable
types their scopes etc
C vs. C++

• The following are the differences between C and C++:


• Definition
C is a structural programming language, and it does not support classes and objects, while C++ is an object-oriented programming
language that supports the concept of classes and objects.
• Type of programming language
C supports the structural programming language where the code is checked line by line, while C++ is an object-oriented
programming language that supports the concept of classes and objects.
• Developer of the language
Dennis Ritchie developed C language at Bell Laboratories while Bjarne Stroustrup developed the C++ language at Bell Labs circa
1980.
• Subset
C++ is a superset of C programming language. C++ can run 99% of C code but C language cannot run C++ code.
• Type of approach
C follows the top-down approach, while C++ follows the bottom-up approach. The top-down approach breaks the main modules
into tasks; these tasks are broken into sub-tasks, and so on. The bottom-down approach develops the lower level modules first and
then the next level modules.
• Security
In C, the data can be easily manipulated by the outsiders as it does not support the encapsulation and information hiding while C+
+ is a very secure language, i.e., no outsiders can manipulate its data as it supports both encapsulation and data hiding. In C
language, functions and data are the free entities, and in C++ language, all the functions and data are encapsulated in the form of
objects.
• Function Overloading
Function overloading is a feature that allows you to have more than one function with the same name but varies in the
parameters. C does not support the function overloading, while C++ supports the function overloading.
continue…
• Reference variables
C does not support the reference variables, while C++ supports the reference variables.
• Keywords
C contains 32 keywords, and C++ supports 52 keywords.
• Namespace feature
A namespace is a feature that groups the entities like classes, objects, and functions under some specific name. C does not
contain the namespace feature, while C++ supports the namespace feature that avoids the name collisions.
• Exception handling
C does not provide direct support to the exception handling; it needs to use functions that support exception handling. C+
+ provides direct support to exception handling by using a try-catch block.
• Input/Output functions
In C, scanf and printf functions are used for input and output operations, respectively, while in C++, cin and cout are used
for input and output operations, respectively.
• Memory allocation and de-allocation
C supports calloc() and malloc() functions for the memory allocation, and free() function for the memory de-allocation. C++
supports a new operator for the memory allocation and delete operator for the memory de-allocation.
• Inheritance
Inheritance is a feature that allows the child class to reuse the properties of the parent class. C language does not support
the inheritance while C++ supports the inheritance.
• Header file
C program uses <stdio.h> header file while C++ program uses <iostream.h> header file.
C++ Program
• Before starting the abcd of C++ language, you need to learn how to write, compile and run the first C++ program.
• To write the first C++ program, open the C++ console and write the following code:
• #include <iostream.h>
• #include<conio.h>
• void main() {
• clrscr();
• cout << "Welcome to C++ Programming.";
• getch();
• }
• #include<iostream.h> includes the standard input output library functions. It provides cin and cout methods for reading
from input and writing to output respectively.
• #include <conio.h> includes the console input output library functions. The getch() function is defined in conio.h file.
• void main() The main() function is the entry point of every program in C++ language. The void keyword specifies that it
returns no value.
• cout << "Welcome to C++ Programming." is used to print the data "Welcome to C++ Programming." on the console.
• getch() The getch() function asks for a single character. Until you press any key, it blocks the screen.

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