S.

MORRIS 2006
Learning Goals Success Criteria
Label the main parts of the heart
Understand the basic structure and
function of the heart. on a diagram.

Describe the process of blood Trace the path of blood through

circulation. the heart and lungs.
Explain the role of blood vessels in Explain the difference between
transporting blood throughout the
body. arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Identify the components of blood List the components of
and their functions. blood and their functions.
 What is the circulatory
system?
⮚ The circulatory system carries blood and
dissolved
substances to and from different places in the
body.

⮚ The Heart pumps blood and substances around

the
body in tubes called blood vessels.
-Arteries: carries blood away from the heart; Veins: brings blood back to the
heart
- Capillaries: tiny vessels that transport blood, nutrients, O2, and remove CO2

⮚ The Heart and blood vessels together make up

the
Circulatory System.
Systemic vs Pulmonary Circulation
The human body uses two main circulations of
blood flow (O2 supply and CO2 removal).

Pulmonary circulation:
-oxygen-poor blood (deoxygenated) is pumped
from the heart to the lungs to get fresh oxygen
and remove carbon dioxide.
-The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the
heart.

Systemic circulation:
-oxygen-rich blood (oxygenated) is pumped
from the heart to the rest of the body to deliver
oxygen and nutrients.
-Then, oxygen-poor blood comes back to the
heart.
 How does this system work?

pulmonary lungs pulmonary

vein
2. Pulmonary
artery
3, Pulmonary circulation
circulation transports head & arms brings oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood
to the heart
to the lungs
aorta
main
vein

Righ Left
t

liver
4. Systemic
1. Systemic circulation circulation transports
brings deoxygenated oxygenated blood to
blood towards the right digestive system the tissues
side of the heart

kidneys

legs

Circulatory System
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts parts.
In the lungs, the blood gets rid of carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen.

Lungs
2. The heart then pumps this 3. This blood comes from the
deoxygenated blood to the lungs and enters the left atrium of
lungs through the pulmonary the heart through the pulmonary
arteries. veins.

the right side of the left side of

the system the system

deals with
right left deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
1. This blood comes from Body cells 4. The heart pumps oxygenated blood out
the body and enters the to the rest of the body through the
right atrium of the heart. systemic arteries.
 The Heart

This is a vein. It These are arteries.

brings blood from the They carry blood
body, except the away from the
lungs. heart.

LEFT
2 RIGHT
atria Coronary
arteries, the
2 hearts own
ventricles blood supply
- bring oxygen + nutrients to the heart.

The heart has four chambers

- Heart chambers: spaces inside the heart that hold & pump blood.
2 atria (upper chambers): receive blood coming into the heart.
2 ventricles (lower chambers): These pump blood out of the heart.
1. Deoxygenated blood from the body
returns to the heart through the superior
vena cava + inferior vena cava.

2. Blood enters the right atrium, where

small contractions push blood through the
tricuspid valve and into the right
ventricle.

3. From the right ventricle, blood is pushed

out through the pulmonary valve into the
pulmonary trunk (branches out into the left
and right pulmonary arteries), which
delivers blood to the lungs, where it
becomes oxygenated.

4. Oxygenated blood returns from lungs

through left and right pulmonary veins,
which empties into the left atrium.

5. From the left atrium, blood goes through

the bicuspid valve (aka mitral valve) and
enters the left ventricle (muscular part of
the heart). Strong contraction of the left
ventricle sends blood through the aortic
valve, then into the aorta (largest artery in
the body).

6. Blood enters the aorta and travels to the

head & shoulders through 3 smaller
arteries (brachiocephalic, left common
carotid, left subclavian). The aorta forms
an arch where blood is moved to the lower
body (organs + muscles).
 How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE

blood from blood from

the body the lungs
Left
Right
atrium
atrium The heartbeat begins when
the heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.

Right Left
 How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract and bicuspid

tricuspid valve
the valves open to allow valve

blood
Right Left
into the ventricles.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

Right Left
atrium atrium The valves close to stop blood

tricuspid bicuspid
flowing backwards.
valve valve

Right Left
The ventricles contract, forcing
ventricle ventricle
the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxing and once again filling
with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
 -blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY
 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres

allow the artery to
stretch under
pressure

thick muscle
the thick muscle
and elastic
can contract to
fibres
push the blood
along.
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

veins have valves

which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle
and elastic body muscles surround the
fibres veins so that when they
contract to move the body,
they also squeeze the veins
and push the blood along the
vessel.
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange
materials between the
blood and other body
cells.

the wall of a
capillary The exchange of
is only one cell materials between the
thick blood and the body can
only occur through
capillaries.
 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary
bed.
artery vein

capillaries
body cell
 what’s in
digested
red blood food white blood
cells cells

oxyge waste
n (urea)

carbon platelets
dioxide
plasm hormone
a s
 The Blood

red blood white blood

cell cell

platelets plasma
 Red Blood Cells
contain haemoglobin, a
molecule specially
a biconcave disc that is designed to hold oxygen
round and flat without a and carry it to cells that
nucleus
need it.

can change shape to an

amazing extent, without
breaking, as it squeezes
single file through the
capillaries.
 White Blood Cells

there are many different types

and all contain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the

lymphocytes and the
macrophages.

macrophages ‘eat’ and digest

micro-organisms .

some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to

destroy invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of
cell broken off larger
cells.

Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a
net. This net traps
other blood cells to
form a blood clot.
 Plasma
It also contains
useful things like;

• carbon dioxide

A straw- • glucose
coloured • amino acids
liquid that
carries the • proteins
cells and • minerals
the platelets
which help • vitamins
blood clot. • hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
 SUMMARY
copy and complete the
following;
away
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
muscula
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
r
toward
carry blood s________ the heart and also have valves. The
capillarie
_________
s link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
plasm
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of
a
oxyge
the blood; Red Blood Cells to n
carry ______; White Blood cells to
platele
protect the body from disease
ts and _________ to help blood clot.