FaraWay

Remote Description
 Remote Site Components

The Remote station contains:

RF equipment, antenna and Outdoor Unit (ODU)
An Indoor Unit (IDU), which contains of:
RSC – Remote Station Controller
SM – Satellite Modem.
UI’s – User Interfaces

2
 ODU General Description

IDU ODU
RFT
Up SSPA
Tx IF RF RF
Converter

IDU

Down LNA/LNB
Rx IF RF RF
Converter

3
ODU C-Band Description

LNA

Tx-IF IN ransceiver
T n
ow
Up/D er
er t
Conv
Rx-IF OUT

FaraWay

Gilat
FaraWay

Consol Power Reset User Interfaces Status Modem Status Rx Sample

Tx Rx Local Run

4
 C-Band ODU Functional
Description
RFT Up Link Description
The up converter in the transceiver converts the 70MHz IF signal
from the IDU into a higher frequency (RF) signal suitable for
transmission to the satellite
The RF signal is amplified by the SSPA in the transceiver to
overcome the path losses and atmospheric attenuation

RF, DC Rx RF
LNA
Antenna
Feed

Tx IF, 10 MHz RF, DC Tx RF

IDU Rx IF, M&C Transceiver OMT

ODU
*M&C – Monitor&Control

5
 C-Band ODU Functional
Description
RFT Down Link Description
The RF signals arriving from the satellite, which are very weak,
are amplified by the LNA (in C and X-C band)
The down converter in the transceiver converts the RF signal into
IF signal that the IDU can use

RF, DC Rx RF
LNA
Antenna
Feed

Tx IF, 10 MHz RF, DC Tx RF

IDU Rx IF, M&C Transceiver OMT

ODU
*M&C – Monitor&Control

6
 ODU KU-Band Description
LNB

r
n s ceive
Tra Down
Up/ erter
v
Con
L-band OUT
Rx-IF OUT
LNB IN
Tx-IF IN

FaraWay

Gilat
FaraWay

Consol Power Reset User Interfaces Status Modem Status Rx Sample

Tx Rx Local Run

7
 Ku-Band ODU Functional Description

RFT UP/Down Link Description

The up link is similar to the C-Band
The down link is amplified and down converted by the LNB to L-Band which is
then sent to the transceiver which converts the signal to IF. From the
transceiver the signal is sent to the IDU in IF

RF, DC Rx RF
LNB
Antenna
Feed

Tx IF, 10 MHz RF, DC Tx RF

IDU Rx IF, M&C Transceiver OMT
L-Band
Aux Output
(optional) ODU
*M&C – Monitor&Control

8
ODU Functional Description (Cont.)
Up Link & Down Link Frequencies
Up-Converter Central Frequency:
C-Band - 5850 – 6425 MHz
XC-Band - 6275 – 7025 MHz
Ku-Band - 14000 – 14500 MHz
Down-Converter Central Frequency:
C-Band - 3.7 – 4.2 GHz
XC-Band - 4.5 – 4.8 GHz
Ku-Band –
A 10.95 – 11.7 GHz
B 10.2 – 11.7 GHz
C 11.7 – 12.2 GHz
D 12.25 – 12.75 GHz

9
 IDU General Description

NCC Remote Station

Customer
UIM Equipment
ICC Control Signaling

OCC RSC UIMs

NCC

Satellite
Modem SM Control

Other
Terminatin Voice/Data Voice/Data Voice/Data
g Remote

10
 IDU Functional Description (Cont).
RSC- Remote Station Controller Description

Uses the Motorola 68360 QUICC microprocessor

Flash EPROM which is used to save the programs required for operating
the remote station components
The flash memory has a capacity for extra copies for the modem and RSC
programs
The RSC also has an EEPROM for storing its configuration parameters and
those of the other components
Handles software upgrades downloaded from NCC, for all remote station
components

11
 IDU Functional Description (Cont).
RSC Functions

The RSC receives messages from UIM’s , Line Signaling and Register
Signaling
Via the ICC the RSC requests service for the UIM’s including register
signaling
DCS via OCC, informs the RSC about the resources, assignments for the
modem, signaling generation commands for the UIM’s, etc

12
 IDU Functional Description
SM – Satellite Modem Description

To support many UI’s, the modem divides the time of a frame, which is
assigned to the remote by the NCC, into slots
During each of this slots, the modem works with different pairs of
frequencies
The modem takes the UI’s information, in the form of digital-band signal,
modulates it and send it to RFT to access the space segment
The modem also performs demodulation of the information modulated by
other modems in the network

13
 IDU Functional Description
UI – User Interface Description

An interface between the user equipment and the IDU

There are two UI’s card types:
UI’s for data modules (DUIM). Each card provides interface between the
user’s equipment of the Data Terminating Equipment and the FaraWay
UI’s for voice modules (VUIM). The Voice UMI card provides interface
between the user’s telephone equipment (voice, fax or dialup modem) and
the FaraWay

14
 IDU Front Panel

Gilat
FaraWay

Consol Power Reset User Interfaces Status Modem Status Rx Sample

Tx Rx Local Run

15
 Power
Ground
0
2
4
6

Voice UIM Voice UIM Data vim

U16/7
47-030 47-030 47-022
IDU Rear Panel

Local Local Status

Busy

IF IN
Remote Remote
Control

FXS/FXO FXS/FXO
A A
4W E&M 4W E&M

IF OUT
Port A

ODU Local Local

Remote Remote
Switch

OFF ON Port B
FXS/FXO FXS/FXO
B B
4W E&M 4W E&M
AUX
Link
LAN
1
3
5
7

16
Data Interface Module (Data UMI)

Data vim
47-022

Busy
Status

Control

Status LED
Lights when the DUI is running
Port A
Busy LED
Shows the card throughput
Control Connector
Port B
Is for configuration and local control
Port A/B
Provide interface with the user’s
equipment

17
 Data UIM
Available data rates at 8 and 16 Kbps:

8-kbps Slots 16-kbps Slots Rate

(kbps)
Async Sync Async Sync

1 1 1 1 1.2
1 1 1 1 2.4
1 1 1 1 4.8
1 2 1 1 9.6
N/A 2 N/A 1 16
2 3 1 2 19.2
N/A 4 N/A 2 32
5 5 2 3 38.4
7 N/A 3 N/A 57.6
N/A 8 N/A A 64
N/A N/A N/A 6 96
N/A N/A 6 N/A 115.2
N/A N/A N/A 8 128

18
Voice Interface Module (Voice UMI)

Two Voice User Interfaces per card (VUIs). Each section contains one AT-
UI and one AL-UI, total 4 channels combinations for one VUIM – only one is
use
VUIMs interface with all interface types:
Line Signaling
Register Signaling
Voice Relay
Fax Relay
Voice Band Data Relay
Call Metering

19
Voice UIM
Voice UIM
47-030

Local
Local LED
Lights when the local VUI line is seized
Remote

Remote LED
FXS/FXO
Flashes during ringing and lights during remote
A answered
4W E&M
FXS/FXO Jack
Used for connecting the VUI to a CO or PABX or
Local telephone set

Remote 4W E&M Jack

Used for connecting the VUI to a CO or PABX or MUX

FXS/FXO

B
4W E&M

20
Voice UIM Jumpers – E&M Signaling
U3
P1

Voice UIM
47-030
ABC
16
15
Local 14 947D
13
12
11
Remote .
.
.
.
. P2
1
FXS/FXO

16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
.
4W E&M

P3 U33
Local

Remote ABC
16
15
14 947D
13
12
FXS/FXO 11
.
.
B .
.
4W E&M .
1 16
P4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
.

21
 Loop-Start Signaling (FXS / FXO)

FXS FXO

Gilat Gilat
FaraWay
FaraWay
Power
Reset
Consol User Interfaces
Status
Modem Status
TxRxRx Sample ConsolPower Reset User Interfaces Status Modem Status Rx Sample
Local
Run Tx Rx LocalRun

PABX

22
Voice UIM Jumpers – Loop-Start
Signaling P1
U3

Voice UIM
47-030
ABC
16
15
Local 14 947D
13
12
11
.
Remote .
.
.
. P2
1
FXS/FXO

16
A

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
.
4W E&M

P3 U33
Local

ABC
Remote
16
15
14 947D
13
12
11
FXS/FXO .
.
B .
.
4W E&M .
1 P4

16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
.

23
 New Quad Voice Card
The new quad voice card supports 4 UIs simultaneously
Each port can be configured to support:
FXS
FXO
E&M
To support FXO and E&M, additional daughter card is required
The User Interfaces are configured by software only

24
New Quad Voice Card
Quad Telco Pin Out

25
 PCM Communication Systems
Two primary communication systems were founded :
E1 system based on 2048 kbps that is recommended by ITU-T
T1 system based on 1544 kbps that is recommended by ANSI

E1 and T1 Common characteristics

8 KHz Sampling frequency

8000 per second Number of samples per telephone

signal

125µs Length of PCM frame

8 Number of bits in each code word

64kbps Telephone channel bit rate

26
 PCM Communication Systems (Cont.)

T1 E1 Differing characteristics

µ-law A-law Encoding/decoding number of

15 13 segments in characteristics

24 32 Number of timeslots per PCM

frame

193 256 Number of bits per PCM frame

approx. 5.2µs approx. 3.9µs Length of an 8-bit timeslot

1544 kbps 2048 kbps Bit rate of time-division

multiplexed signal

27
 Full E1 Connection
Channels Channels
1-15 17-31
Switch
FW #1 FW #2
Tx
Rx Gilat
FaraWay
Tx Rx Gilat
FaraWay
Tx

Rx

Two chassis are needed to support full E1 trunk

16 time slots are assigned to each particular chassis
Signaling present in time slot 16 is driven to all chassis
The E1 support is done by two cards:
E1 interface card
Voice Processing Module (VPM) card

28
 E1 Card General Specification

Provides E1 interface to a switch or MUX

Interfaces :
Balanced 120Ω, RJ45
Unbalanced 75Ω, BNC
Supports :
FAS – Frame Alignment Signaling
CAS – Channel Associated Signaling
CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check for 2048 kbps systems
Extracts and inserts CAS signaling
AMI or HDB3 line coding
Master/slave clocking
Detects and generates remote and AIS alarms

29
 E1 Card Description
E1 UIM
47-034

RUN
RMT LCL
ALARMS

DS
P
120
RX
75Tx

MA
X

30
 E1 Card
E1 UIM
47-034 RUN LED
RUN Blinks rapidly during normal operation
Blinks slowly during fatal error
Remote LED
RMT LCL
ALARMS

Lights in red when received unframed all “1” (AIS alarm)

Lights in orange when received distant alarm or MF alarm
Flashes in green when received signaling all “1”
120

Flashes in red when received signaling all “0”

RX

Lights in constant green when there is no alarm

75Tx

Local LED
Lights in red in case of a carrier loss
Lights in orange in case of a synchronization loss
Lights in green when the E1 is O.K

31
E1 Card (Cont.)
E1 UIM
47-034

RUN
RMT LCL
ALARMS
120

E1 Interfaces
RX

Balanced 120 Ω, RJ45

75Tx

Unbalanced 75 Ω, BNC

32
 Voice Processing Module (VPM)
Card General Specification
Voice processing : compression, echo cancellation etc.
Supports up to 8 channels

33
VPM Card Description
VPM UIM
47-035

CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4

DS
DS

DS

DS
P
P

P
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4

DS

DS
DS

DS
P

P
P

P
34
VPM Card
VPM UIM
47-035

CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4

CH1-CH8 LEDs
Indicate the channel status
Lights in green when the channel is O.K
CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8

Lights in red in when the channel has a fault

35
 Call Setup Scenario
A UIM A RSC DCS B RSC B UIM
Trunk Seizure
Seize Message

PTS (or dial tone)

PTS

KP1
: Register Signaling
Seize Re
ST port+Dig
its

ACK
Assign Assign
Assign Assign
ACK AC K Seized Command
Trunk Seizure

PTS
PTS Received

Digits
Ringing Back

Ring Back
Ring Back

36
 Call Setup Scenario (Cont).
A UIM A RSC DCS B RSC B UIM

Answer
Answer msg
sg
Answer m
ACK
sg
Answer m
ACK
Answer
Answer Cease
ACK
Answer Stop ACK

ACK

ACK
Answer Cease
Stop ACK

Call in Progress

37
 Clear Forward
A UIM A RSC DCS B RSC B UIM

Call in Progress

Clear
Clear
C l e ar M
sg
ACK
ACK C l e ar M
sg

ACK Clear

Clear

ACK

ACK

ACK

38
 Clear Backward
A UIM A RSC DCS B RSC B UIM

Call in Progress
Clear
Clear
g
C l e ar M s
ACK

sg
C l e ar M
Clear
ACK
Clear Msg ACK

Clear

ACK
ACK
ACK

39
 VSAT Specifications

Modulation – QPSK
FEC – ¾ , ½
IF Frequency - 70 +/- 10 MHz
Operating voltage –
AC – 120/220V; 50/60Hz
DC – -48V to –60V
Power consumption – 26 to 65W

40
 Test Your Knowledge
1. Which component are responsible for RF to IF conversion?
________________________________________________________________
2. What is stored in the RSC flash memory? ______________________________
3. What is stored in the RSC EEPROM memory?___________________________
4. Which component in the remote is responsible for the modulation and
demodulation of the messages? ______________________________________
5. What is the maximum rate that one remote can support with a data card?
____________________________
6. What type of cards are required to support E1 interface?
___________________
7. How is the voice interface configured in the new Quad voice card?
________________________________________________________________
8. Can a new Quad card support FXS an E&M signaling simultaneously? What is
the limitation for this?_______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

41