MODULE :

11
 Ex 6.2 - 7
Prove that a line drawn through midpoint of one side of
a
Given : Inparallel
triangle ABC, to another side bisects the third side. A
M is midpoint of side AB
MN || BC
Prove that : AN = CN M N
Proof : In ABC,
MN || BC ... [given] B C
AM AN
= ...(i) ... [by basic proportionality theorem]
MB NC
AM
= 1 ...(ii) ... [M is midpoint of side AB]
MB
AN
= 1 .... from (i) and (ii)
NC
AN =
NC
Ex 6.2 - 8
Prove that the line joining the midpoints of any two
side of a triangle is parallel to the third side. A
Given : In ABC,
M & N are midpoints of sides AB & AC resp.
To prove :MN || BC M N
Proof : In ABC,
AM ,
= 1 ...(i) [M is midpoint of side AB]
MB B C
AN
= 1 ...(ii) [N is midpoint of side AC]
NC
AM AN ... from (i) and (ii)
=
MB NC
...[by converse of basic
MN || BC proportionality theorem]
MODULE :

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 Solved Example :
PS PT
= and PST = PRQ. Prove that PQR is an isosceles triangle.
SQ TR P
PS PT
Sol: =
SQ TR
 ST || QR (Basic proportionality theorem)
S T
 PST = PQR …(1)
(Corresponding angles)

But PST = PRQ …(2)

Q R
 PRQ = PQR [From (1) and (2)]
and PQ = PR (Sides opposite the equal angles)
i.e., PQR is an isosceles triangle.
MODULE :

13
INTERCEPT

A
seg AB is the
intercept l
m
B

C n

In the fig., x
seg AB is the intercept formed
on transversal x by lines l and m.
The ratio of the intercepts made on a transversal by three parallel
lines is equal to the ratio of the corresponding intercepts made
on any other transversal by the same parallel lines.

Intercepts on y
PQ
=
EF x y EF FG EG
QR FG
P E
QR FG
l Intercepts on x
=
PR EG Q F PQ QR PR
m
PQ EF
= R G
PR EG n
 Solved Example :
ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and F are points on non-parallel
sides AD and BC respectively such that EF is parallel to AB .
AE BF
Show that =
ED FC A B
Sol: AB || DCand EF || AB
 EF || DC (Lines parallel to the same line
are parallel to each other) E G F
Join AC intersecting EF at point G
In ADC,
EG || DC (As EF || DC)
D C
AE AG
 = …(1) [By Basic Proportionality
ED GC Theorem]
In CAB, FG || AB

 CG CF
= …(2)
AG BF
 Solved Example :
ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and F are points on non-parallel
sides AD and BC respectively such that EF is parallel to AB .
AE BF A B
Show that =
ED FC
Sol:
AG BF …(3) E G F
i.e., =
GC FC

AE BF
= [From (1) and (3)]
ED FC D C

CG CF
= …(2)
AG BF

AE AG
= …(1)
ED GC
MODULE :

14
 CONGRUENT
FIGURES

Figures having same shape and same

size
are called CONGRUENT FIGURES
SIMILAR OBJECTS
SIMILAR OBJECTS
 SIMILAR OBJECTS

Figures whose SHAPE is SAME and size

may or may not be same are similar.
 SIMILAR OBJECTS

Figures whose shape is

same and size may or may
not be same are similar.
If

DABC is similar to DPRQ Zoom 2
then,
ÐA @ ÐP P
ÐB @ ÐR
ÐC @ ÐQ
A A
30
30

Corresponding angles of
similar triangles are 8.5 cm 10 cm
17 cm 20 cm
CONGRUENT. 60
B C B C
5 cm

AB BC AC R
60
Q
= = 10 cm
PR QR PQ
Corresponding sides of
similar triangles are in
PROPORTION

AB 8.5 1 BC 5 1 AC 10 1
= = = = = =
PR 17 2 QR 10 2 PQ 20 2
 ABC is similar to PQR
A P
A SIDES  doubled
4 cm 70o 6 cm 70o ANGLES  ?

8 cm 12 cm
80o 30o
B 5 cm C
AB 1 BC 1 AC 1
= =
PQ 2 QR 2 PR
=
2 Q
B 80o 30o C
R
AB BC
10 cm
AC
=
PQ = QR PR

Corresponding pairs of similar triangles are in

proportion.
ÐA = ÐP , ÐB = ÐQ , ÐC = ÐR
Corresponding pairs of similar triangles are
equal.
 A

B C Q R

ABC
DABC ~ DPQR
PQR
AB BC AC
= =
PQ QR PR
Corresponding sides of similar triangles

ÐA = ÐP, ÐB = ÐQ,
Corresponding angles of similar triangles
ÐC = ÐR
 SIMILAR TRIANGLES

DAB ~ DQRP [Given]

C
AB BC AC Corresponding sides
\ = = [c.s.s.t .]
of similar triangles
QR PR PQ

Also, ÐA @ ÐQ
ÐB @ ÐR [c.a.s.t.]
Corresponding angles
of similar triangles
ÐC @ ÐP
Thank You