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Physics Investigation Project

The document explains Bernoulli's Principle, which states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, its pressure decreases, and presents the formula relating pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy. It also discusses the derivation of Bernoulli's equation, the Principle of Continuity, and the relationship between conservation of energy and Bernoulli's Principle. Additionally, it highlights the application of Bernoulli's Principle in explaining lift in airfoils.

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sushanthperiyasamy
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1 views

Physics Investigation Project

The document explains Bernoulli's Principle, which states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, its pressure decreases, and presents the formula relating pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy. It also discusses the derivation of Bernoulli's equation, the Principle of Continuity, and the relationship between conservation of energy and Bernoulli's Principle. Additionally, it highlights the application of Bernoulli's Principle in explaining lift in airfoils.

Uploaded by

sushanthperiyasamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Investigation Project

Bernoulli’s Theorem

Done By: P. Sushanth


What is Bernoulli’s Principle
Bernoulli’s principle formulated by Daniel
Bernoulli states that as the speed of a moving
fluid increases (liquid or gas), the pressure within
the fluid decreases. Although Bernoulli deduced
the law, it was Leonhard Euler who derived
Bernoulli’s equation in its usual form in the year
1752.
The total mechanical energy of the moving fluid
comprising the gravitational potential energy of
elevation, the energy associated with the fluid
pressure and the kinetic energy of the fluid
motion, remains constant.
Bernoulli’s Principle
Bernoulli’s equation formula is a relation
between pressure, kinetic energy, and
gravitational potential energy of a fluid in a
container.
The formula for Bernoulli’s principle is given as
follows:
p+1/2ρv2+ρgh=constant
Where p is the pressure exerted by the fluid, v is
the velocity of the fluid, ρ is the density of the
fluid and h is the height of the container.
Bernoulli’s equation gives great insight into the
balance between pressure, velocity and elevation.
Bernoulli’s Equation Derivation
dW = F1dx1 – F2dx2
dW = p1A1dx1 – p2A2dx2
dW = p1dv – p2dv = (p1 – p2)dv
We know that the work done on the fluid was
due to the conservation of change in
gravitational potential energy and change in
kinetic energy. The change in kinetic energy
of the fluid is given as:
Continuation

The change in potential energy is given as:


dU = m2gy2 – m1gy1 = ρdvg(y2 – y1)
Therefore, the energy equation is given as:
dW = dK + dU
Principle Of Continuity
If the fluid is in streamline flow and is in-
compressible then we can say that mass of fluid
passing through different cross sections are equal.
we can say the mass of liquid inside the container
remains the same.
The rate of mass entering = Rate of mass leaving
The rate of mass entering = ρA 1V1Δt—– (1)
The rate of mass entering = ρA 2V2Δt—– (2)
Using the above equations,
ρA1V1=ρA2V2
This equation is known as the Principle of
Continuity.
Continuation
Suppose we need to calculate the speed of
efflux for the following setup.

Using Bernoulli’s Principle and at the end


the calculation we get the square of velocity
equals to twice the (gh).
Relation between Conservation of Energy
and Bernoulli’s Principle.
Conservation of energy is applied to the fluid
flow to produce Bernoulli’s equation. The net
work done results from a change in a fluid’s
kinetic energy and gravitational potential
energy. Bernoulli’s equation can be modified
depending on the form of energy involved.
Other forms of energy include the dissipation
of thermal energy due to fluid viscosity.
Bernoulli’s Equation For Static Fluids
When v1 = v2 = 0, then P1 + ρgh1 = P2 + ρgh2
When h2 = 0, then P2 = P1 + ρgh1
App: Airfoil and Bernoulli Principle
The air over the top of a typical airfoil
encounter compressed flow lines and boosted
air speed compared to the wing.
This introduces a reduction in pressure on
the top (as per the Bernoulli equation) and
produces a lift force.
Aerodynamicists use the Benoulli concept to
explain the pressure calculations made in
wind tunnels. They show that when pressure
calculations are done at multiple places
around the airfoil and added together, it is
similar to the observed lift.
Continuation

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