SIZE REDUCTION (Reasons, Factors, Advantages and Disadvantages and Particle Size Analysis) 2024
SIZE REDUCTION (Reasons, Factors, Advantages and Disadvantages and Particle Size Analysis) 2024
SIZE REDUCTION
OR
COMMINUTION
(REASONS FOR SIZE REDUCTION, FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE REDUCTION, SIZE
ANALYSIS) LECTURE#1
Course title: Industrial Pharmacy-I(612-T)
Course In-charge: Miss Sidra Sohail Asim
COMMINUTION
Size Reduction or Comminution is a pharmaceutical process
where bigger drug particles are converted into smaller drug
particle as per requirement.
“ The reduction of material to smaller pieces, to coarse particles,
or to powder”
IMPORTANCE
To increase the rate of a solution:
◦Size reduction reduces particle size and increases effective surface
area which in turn increases the rate of solution.
Bioavailability:
◦As particle size decreases the rate of absorption increases. Hence
size reduction ensures good bioavailability.
IMPORTANCE
To facilitate Filtration:
◦Rate of filtration depends upon the size of particles to be separated.
Stability:
◦Reduction in particle size increases the stability of certain
pharmaceutical preparations such as suspensions and emulsions.
Factors Affecting Size Reduction
◦Hardness
◦Toughness
◦Stickiness
◦Material Structure
◦Moisture Content
◦Softening Temperature
◦Purity Required
◦Abrasiveness
◦Bulk density
◦Ratio of the feed size to product size
◦Physiological Effect of Material
ADVANTAGES OF SIZE REDUCTION
◦ Content uniformity
◦ Uniform flow– If the size of particle is small, the flow of powder into dies during the
compression of tablets is effective.
◦ Effective extraction of drugs– Penetration of solvent into tissue or cells of organic origin
becomes rapid when the particle size is smaller.
◦ Effective drying– If the size of granules is small, then the drying of granular mass becomes
rapid.
◦ Improved physical stability– In suspensions and emulsions, the rate of sedimentation
decreases if the particles are of small and uniform size.
◦ Improvised rate of dissolution– When the surface area is larger, than the dissolution of a
substance increases. Thus size reduction facilitates in increasing the surface area.
◦ Improved absorption rate– Smaller the particle, the faster is the absorption is the absorption
because the dissolution is also enhanced.
DISADVANTAGES OF SIZE REDUCTION
◦ Drug degradation– Decomposition of drug can occur due to the excessive heat
production during milling.
◦ Poor mixing– Generally, very fine particles are subjected to strong cohesive
forces hence aggregation of particles takes place. But this aggregation inhibits
the efficient blending of different ingredients.
MECHANISM OF SIZE REDUCTION:
MECHANISM OF SIZE REDUCTION:
PARTICLE
SIZE
ANALYSIS
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Particle size analysis is used to control quality and determine the
efficiency of a manufacturing process or the performance of a final
product in many industries.
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
◦The particle size analysis techniques available to measure the size
distribution of a particle include the following:
◦Laser Diffraction
◦Dynamic Light Scattering
◦Image Particle Analysis
◦Acoustic Spectroscopy
Summary:
◦Size Reduction or Comminution is a pharmaceutical process
where bigger drug particles are converted into smaller drug
particle as per requirement.
◦There are various factors which affects on the size reduction like
hardness, toughness, etc.
◦Particle size analysis is used to control quality and determine the
efficiency of a manufacturing process or the performance of a
final product in many industries.
References:
◦ https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=14339
◦ https://byjus.com/chemistry/sieving/
◦ https://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/1934_pdf.pdf
◦ https://pharmacygyan.com/factors-affecting-size-reduction/
◦ https://solutionpharmacy.in/factors-affecting-size-reduction/
◦ https://gpatindia.com/size-reduction-introduction-advantages-disadvantages-
its-mechanism-and-mcqs-for-gpat-niper-pharmacist-and-drug-inspector-exam
/
◦ Aulton's Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines.
◦ Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy (sixth edition) Chapter name “Size
reduction”