At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

· Explain the meaning of disaster

· Differentiate the risk factors underlying disaster.

• DIRECTIONS: IDENTIFY WHAT IS ASKED OR DESCRIBED IN EACH
ITEM. WRITE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.

• 1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A TYPE OF NATURAL

HAZARD?
• A. CAR ACCIDENT
• B. EARTHQUAKES
• C. HURRICANE
• D. TORNADO
• 2. AN EVENT THAT PRODUCES GREATER LOSS
THAN A COMMUNITY CAN HANDLE, INCLUDING
CASUALTIES, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND
SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IS
CALLED _______.
• A. DISASTER
• B. FACILITY
• C. MITIGATION
• D. RESOURCE
• 3. AN INHERENT WEAKNESS IN A SYSTEM OR ITS
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT THAT MAY BE EXPLOITED TO
CAUSE HARM TO THE SYSTEM IS CALLED ______.
• A. HAZARD
• B. RESPONSE
• C. RISK
• D. VULNERABILITY
• 4. WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE STEADY INCREASE IN
THE NUMBER OF DEATHS AND MONETARY LOSSES
RELATED TO NATURAL DISASTERS?
• A. NATURAL DISASTER CAN REPEAT ITSELF.
• B. THE MAGNITUDES OF HAZARD EVENTS ARE
INCREASING.
• C. MORE HAZARDOUS EVENTS ARE OCCURRING EVERY
YEAR.
• D. HUMAN POPULATIONS ARE INCREASING IN AREAS
IDENTIFIED TO BE AT RISK.
• 5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MAY BE DONE TO
REDUCE DISASTER RISK?
• A. MITIGATION
• B. PREPAREDNESS
• C. RECOVERY
• D. RESPONSE
• 1. WHICH SET ARE MAN-MADE
DISASTERS?
• 2. WHICH SET ARE NATURAL
DISASTERS?
• 3. ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE PICTURES
IN SETS A AND B SIMILAR? WHAT ARE
THESE EFFECTS?
Disaster

Disaster is often used and related to an undesirable event

or a bad experience. It is common to hear “What a
disaster!” from someone who is facing a difficult
situation. What is a disaster and how is it related to
hazard and vulnerability?

EXAMPLE: THE HURRICANE HITTING THE COASTAL

COMMUNITY THE COASTAL COMMUNITY
What is hazard?

A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition

that may cause loss of life, injury or other negative health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.

NATURAL

MAN MADE ( ANTHROPOGENIC HAZARD)

• WHAT IS
VULNERABILITY? THE
CHARACTERISTICS AND
CIRCUMSTANCES OF A
COMMUNITY, SYSTEM,
OR ASSET MAKE IT
SUSCEPTIBLE (EASILY
AFFECTED) TO THE
DAMAGING EFFECTS OF
A HAZARD.
• WHAT IS A RISK? THE PROBABILITY OF
HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES, OR EXPECTED
LOSS OF LIVES, PEOPLE INJURED,
LIVELIHOODS, DISRUPTION OF ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES, AND DAMAGES TO THE
ENVIRONMENT ARE THE RESULT OF
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NATURAL OR
HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARDS AND
VULNERABLE/ CAPABLE CONDITIONS.
• HOW DOES A HAZARD BECOME A
DISASTER? EXTREME NATURAL
EVENTS (HAZARDS) DO NOT
NECESSARILY TURN INTO
DISASTERS. THE WORLD RISK
REPORT SHOWS THAT THE
DISASTER RISK IS ALWAYS MADE
UP OF TWO COMPONENTS:
EXPOSURE TO NATURAL HAZARDS
AND CLIMATE CHANGE, AND
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY.
• IMAGINE A COASTAL COMMUNITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES FACING A HAZARD OF A TYPHOON.
typhoon
• WHAT IS THE DISASTER:
communit
• VULNERABILITY:
y
the actual occurrence of the
• DISASTER:
typhoon and its destructive
effects, like flooding, landslide,
and damage to the home
•HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND PHYSICAL
PROCESSES DO NOT INTERACT SO
THERE IS NO HAZARD OR DISASTER
(E.G., A VOLCANIC ERUPTION ON A
REMOTE UNPOPULATED ISLAND, OR
A LANDSLIDE IN AN UNSETTLED
AREA).
• IF THE GEOPHYSICAL HAZARD AND HUMAN
ACTIVITY ARE CLOSER TOGETHER, A
DISASTER MAY HAPPEN. THE MORE SEVERE
THE GEOPHYSICAL EVENTS ARE, THE MORE
VULNERABLE THE HUMAN POPULATION
BECOMES, AND THE MORE THE TWO
OVERLAPS COULD RESULT TO A LARGER
DISASTER.
• DISASTER RISK = HAZARD X EXPOSURE X VULNERABILITY
• IMAGINE A SCENARIO IN A MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF THE
PHILIPPINES. VOLCANO (MAYON)

A VOLCANIC ERUPTION FROM THE MOUNT

• HAZARD: MAYON
A VILLAGE SITUATED ON THE SLOPES OF
• EXPOSURE : MOUNT MAYON (LAVA FLOWS AND
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
POVERTY, LACK OF AWARENESS, POOR
• VULNERABILITY
HOUSING

DISASTER RISK
 FOUR COMPONENTS OF WORLD RISK INDEX:

• 1. EXPOSURE TO NATURAL HAZARDS SUCH AS EARTHQUAKES, STORMS,

FLOODS, DROUGHTS, AND SEA LEVEL RISE
• 2. 2. SUSCEPTIBILITY IS THE SUFFERING OR HARM AND DAMAGES IN CASE
OF THE OCCURRENCE OF A NATURAL HAZARD. CONCEPTUALLY,
SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS BEEN SEPARATED INTO SUB-CATEGORIES THAT
REFLECT THE LIVING SITUATION AND CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE WITHIN A
COUNTRY: PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSING CONDITIONS, NUTRITION,
POVERTY AND DEPENDENCIES, ECONOMIC CAPACITY, AND INCOME
DISTRIBUTION
• 3. COPING CAPACITY (SHORT-TERM)- THE ABILITY
OF SOCIETIES AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS (SUCH
AS SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONS) TO MINIMIZE THE
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF NATURAL HAZARDS AND
CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH DIRECT ACTION AND
RESOURCES TO AVERT DAMAGE;
CHARACTERIZED BY GOVERNMENT AND
AUTHORITIES, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND
EARLY WARNING, MEDICAL SERVICES, SOCIAL
NETWORKS, AND MATERIAL COVERAGE
• 4. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY (LONG-TERM)-
INTENDED TO FUTURE NATURAL EVENTS
AND CLIMATE CHANGE; PERMANENT
CHANGE THAT WOULD ENABLE ADAPTATION
TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL CHANGE
THROUGH: EDUCATION AND RESEARCH,
GENDER EQUITY, ENVIRONMENTAL
STATUS/ECOSYSTEM
•CAN WE CONTROL OR STOP
NATURAL HAZARDS LIKE
STORMS AND EARTHQUAKES
FROM HAPPENING? HOW CAN
WE REDUCE DISASTER RISK?
• WE CANNOT CONTROL HAZARDS, BUT WE CAN REDUCE
RISK THROUGH REDUCTION OF EXPOSURE
• LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY AND EXPOSURE CAN BE
REDUCED BY:
•  KEEPING PEOPLE AND PROPERTY AWAY FROM
HAZARDS.
•  RELOCATION MUST COME HAND IN HAND WITH
MITIGATION AND PREVENTION MEASURES
•“DISASTERS PREVENT
DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS,
AND A LACK OF
DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS
RAISES THE DISASTER RISK.”
• MATEO 24:6-8 ANG SALITA NG DIYOS
• 6 MARIRINIG NA NINYO ANG MGA DIGMAAN AT MGA BALI-
BALITA NG MGA DIGMAAN. NGUNIT HUWAG KAYONG
MABALISA SAPAGKAT ANG MGA BAGAY NA ITO AY
KINAKAILANGANG MANGYARI, NGUNIT HINDI PA ITO ANG
WAKAS. 7 ITO AY SAPAGKAT BABANGON ANG ISANG BANSA
LABAN SA ISANG BANSA AT BABANGON ANG ISANG
PAGHAHARI LABAN SA ISANG PAGHAHARI. MAGKAKAROON
NG MGA TAGGUTOM, AT MGA SALOT AT MGA LINDOL SA IBA’T
IBANG DAKO. 8 ANG LAHAT NG MGA ITO AY PASIMULA NG
SAKIT NA NARARAMDAMAN NG ISANG BABAENG
MANGANGANAK.
•
A MAGNITUDE 6.5 EARTHQUAKE
STRIKES A DENSELY POPULATED
URBAN AREA
•HAZARD
•VULNERABLE
•EXPOSURE