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5 Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior, thought, and emotion, encompassing various aspects of the human experience, including cognitive development and self-concept. Key theories discussed include cognitive development stages, self-concept evolution by Susan Harter, and personality frameworks by William James and Carl Rogers. The document also covers transactional analysis and the three domains of the self as proposed by Gregg Henriques.

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Axel Endencia Hinoctan
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3 views20 pages

5 Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior, thought, and emotion, encompassing various aspects of the human experience, including cognitive development and self-concept. Key theories discussed include cognitive development stages, self-concept evolution by Susan Harter, and personality frameworks by William James and Carl Rogers. The document also covers transactional analysis and the three domains of the self as proposed by Gregg Henriques.

Uploaded by

Axel Endencia Hinoctan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSYCHOLOGY

What is Psychology?
• Psychology is the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel.
• Includes topics, such as how the brain works, how our memory is
organized, how people interact in groups, and how children learn about
the world.
• Everything that concerns the human being.
• From the basic workings of the human brain to consciousness,
memory, reasoning and language, to personality and mental health,
and everything about the human experience.
• It will scrutinize it so that you as a human being will understand how it
is to be "you."
Three Basic Components of
Cognitive Theory
Stage of
Shemas/Shemes Adaptation Cognitive
Development
These are the It involves the child's They reflect the
building blocks of learning processes to increasing
knowledge. Schemes meet situational sophistication of the
are mental demands. child's thought
organizations that ● Assimilation – Previous process.
individuals use to to new concept.
understand their - 4 Stages of
● Accommodation –
environments and Cognitive
New information or
designate action. existing idea are Development
challenged.
Four Stages of Cognitive
Development
Sensorimotor
01

Preoperational
02

Concrete Operations
03

Formal Operations
04
Susan Harter
Self-Development Concept

the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the broad developmental


changes observed across early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence
could be interpreted within a Piagetian framework.

Harter expanded her self-development concept until adulthood.


Development of self-concept according to
Harter
Early Childhood Middle to Later Childhood
The child describes the "self" in terms of
concrete, observable characteristics, such as
physical attributes, material possessions,
The self is described in terms
behaviors, and preferences. of traitlike constructs (e.g.,
smart, honest, friendly, shy)
● physical attributes - ('I'm
pretty/ugly/strong") that would require the type
of hierarchical organizational
● Material possessions -('I’m
pretty/ugly/strong") skills characteristic of logical
thought development.
● Behaviors- ("I love playing with my toys")

● Preferences- ("I like candies").


Development of self-concept according to
Harter
Adolescence Emerging Adults
This is the emergence of more abstract self-
definitions, such as inner thoughts, emotions, The marked characteristic of
attitudes, and motives. "self" for emerging adults is
For example, one 15-year-old girl in a study having a vision of a "possible
on self- conceptions described herself as self." It is the "age of
follows:
possibilities".
"What am I like as a person? Complicated! I'm
sensitive, friendly, outgoing, popular, and
tolerant though I can also be shy, self-
conscious, even obnoxious... I'm a pretty
cheerful person, especially with my friends.....
At home, I'm more likely to be anxious around
my parents" (Harter, 1990b, p. 352).
William James
Me-Self; I-Self

"The art of being wise is knowing what to overlook"

He’s known as “the father of American psychology”.

The "self" has two elements: the I-self and the Me-self.
I-self  I-self is the pure ego. It is the subjective self. It is
the "self" that is aware of its own actions.

Four Features of I-self


1. A sense of being the agent or initiator of behavior – I
believe my actions have an impact; that I cause an effect in my
environment.
2. A sense of being unique - This is how. I am different from
everything in my environment; I perceive there is only one Me.
3. A sense of continuity - I am the same person from day to day.
4. A sense of awareness about being aware - I understand
what is going on in me and around me; and I know I understand
it.
Me-self  The me-self is the self that is the object. It is the
"self" that you can describe, such as your
physical characteristics, personalities, social role,
or relationships, thoughts, feelings

Three Dimensions of Me-self


1. Material - physical appearance and extensions of it such
as clothing, immediate family, and home;
2. Social - social skills and significant interpersonal
relationships; and
3. Spiritual - personality, character, defining values.
Carl Rogers
Personality Development

All behavior is motivated by self-actualizing tendencies and these tendencies


drive you to reach your full potential.

He believes that the world a person exists in is the center of constant changes,
and the person reacts to these changes.
Two Categories of Self

Ideal Self Real Self


The ideal self is the person that you would like
yourself to be; it is your concept of the "best
me" who is worthy of admiration. It is an
The real self is the person
idealized image of self that the individual has you actually are. It is how
developed based on what you have has learned
and experienced. you behave right at the
moment of a situation. It is
The ideal self could include:
who you are in reality - how
1. Notions influenced by your parents; you think, feel, or act at
present.
2. What you admire in others;

3. What the society sees as acceptable; and

4. What you think is in your best interest.


Gordon Alport
Personality Trait

A "trait" is your essential characteristic that never, ever changes and sticks
with you all your life.

These traits shape who you are (how you think, feel, or behave, etc.) in any
given day.
Eric Berne
Transactional Analysis

Transactional analysis is a psychological approach which can be used in


psychotherapy and counselling, educational and organizational development
settings.
Transactional analysis is anchored on two notions:

1. Every person has three parts called "ego states" in his or her personality.

2. People communicate with one another assuming roles of any of these ego
states.
Ego State Presented as:

Parents Child
The parent ego state is the
Adult
The Adult ego state is 1. Natural child
voice of authority. It could be
a comforting "nurturing the rational person. It
2. Little professor
parent" voice or a is the voice that
"controlling/critical parent" speaks reasonably and 3. Adaptive child
voice that tells what you knows how to assert
should or should not do. himself or herself.
Gregg
Henriques
Domain of the Self

The human self has three related, but separable, domains

Three Domain of Human Self

1. Experiential self;

2. Private self-conscious; and

3. Public self/persona.
Three Domain of Human Self
1. Experiential self 2. Private self- 3.Public self or persona
conscious
The theater of It can be described as The image you
consciousness the narrator or project to the public.
because it is the first interpreter. It is the This is the image that
to experience its self that narrates the interacts with others
beingness (the state unfolding events and and will influence
or fact of existing). at the same time how others see you.
He added that the tries to make sense
experiential self is of the experience.
closely tied to
memory.
Thank
you!
Do you have any questions?

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