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Matter

The document discusses the particle nature of matter, explaining that all matter is composed of tiny particles which have spaces between them, are in constant motion, and attract each other. It categorizes matter into pure substances and mixtures, detailing the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Additionally, it describes the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle theory, highlighting their fixed shapes, compressibility, and flow characteristics.

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5 views

Matter

The document discusses the particle nature of matter, explaining that all matter is composed of tiny particles which have spaces between them, are in constant motion, and attract each other. It categorizes matter into pure substances and mixtures, detailing the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Additionally, it describes the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle theory, highlighting their fixed shapes, compressibility, and flow characteristics.

Uploaded by

linobittt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

PARTICLE NATURE OF

MATTER
Objectives
• Explain the properties of solids, liquids,
and gases based on the particle nature of
matter; S8MT-IIIa-b-8

1.Identify what is matter made up off


2.Explain properties of matter based on the
particle theory.
Essential Question

• What is matter made up off?

“Everything you see or imagine


is built from something else.”
DEMOCRITUS
Greek “thinker” had
an idea
If you continued
cutting something up
into smaller pieces,
eventually you would
get to the smallest
particle
He called these
particles “ATOMOS” 4
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
I. Matter is composed of tiny particles

Analogy:

Photo courtesy of Maria


Laura V. Ginoy

Figure 1(a). Continuous


image of a pointillist Figure 1(b). Blown-up image
painting of a portion of Figure 1a. Dots
are more conspicuous.
Particle Nature of Matter 7
TWO CATEGORIES OF
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES - A sample of matter that has
definite chemical and physical properties.
Eg. oxygen, water, gold

MIXTURES are substances that are made up of TWO or


more types of matter which are mixed but not combined
chemically.
Eg. breakfast cereal, sugar-water
Elements
⚫pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substance by physical or chemical means. The smallest piece
of the element is called an atom.
These are elements!

Atoms of same element Molecules of same element

H H
Cu He Hydrogen
gas element

copper helium
element element
O ozone

Na
O O
sodium
element
Compounds
Pure substance composed of two or more
different elements joined by chemical
bonds.

⚫Made of elements in a specific ratio


that is always the same
⚫Has a chemical formula
⚫Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
What is a compound?

Qn: Is this a compound? Qn: Is this a compound? Qn: Is this a compound?

O
It only contains one type It only contains one type O
It is not chemically
of element. of element. H
combined.
H O
Mixtures

⚫A combination of two or more pure


substances that are not chemically
combined.
⚫Each item retains its properties
in the mixture
⚫They can be separated physically

Chem4kids.com
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Silver
THE PARTICLE THEORY

Has four principles:

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles

23
THE PARTICLE THEORY

2. The particles have spaces


between them.

SUBSTANCE A SUBSTANCE B

24
THE PARTICLE THEORY

3. Particles are always moving. The more


energy they have, the faster they move.

25
THE PARTICLE THEORY

4. Particles have forces of attraction between


them. The closer the particles are, the
stronger the attraction force is.

26
STATES OF MATTER

There are 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas

27
PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER

*
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 SOLIDS

▪Strongest attractive forces

▪Require most energy to break


apart

▪Results in a fixed shape

30
LIQUIDS

Particles not held together


as tightly because of weaker
attractive forces

This results in liquids not


being able to hold their shape

31
GASES

Almost no force holding atoms


together

This results in gases spreading


out when not in a container.

32
Important Aspects of the Particle Nature of
Matter:

I.Matter is composed of tiny particles.


II.The particles have spaces between
them.
III.The particles are moving all the time.
IV.The particles of matter attract each
other.
Particle Nature of Matter 33
Create a Venn Diagram on your
notebook

solids liquids

gas
The particles of matter attract each other.

Strength of
attractive solid > liquid > gas
forces:

Particle Nature of Matter 35


Explaining the properties of solid, liquid, and
gas using the particle model of matter.
solid liquid gas
has fixed volume has fixed volume takes the
shape & volume and shape and takes the volume and
shape of the shape of the
container container
cannot be cannot be can be
compressibility compressed compressed compressed
easily easily easily

ease of flow does not flow flows easily flows easily

Particle Nature of Matter 36


Identify the following:

1.He believed that atoms are indivisible.


2.It is a Greek Word which means
indivisible particle.
3.It is the smallest particle of an element
4.It consists of two or more atoms.
5.It is the unit of length used to measure
size of an atom.
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the
particle model of matter?
A. Matter is composed of tiny particles.
B. The spaces in between the particles are filled with air.
C. The particles of matter are constantly moving.
D. The particles of matter attract each other.

2. What happens to the particles of a liquid when it is


heated?
A.nothing happens
B.The attractive forces between the particles start to
weaken.
C.The particles slow down.
D. The particles start to repel each other.
Particle Nature of Matter 38
Multiple Choice:
3. Which of the following has the strongest force of
attraction between the particles?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Vacuum

4. Which best describe the particles of a solid?


A. completely unmoving
B. have large spaces in between
C. vibrating at fixed position
D. have a weak attractive force

Particle Nature of Matter 39

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