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RHS307 intrduction1

The document discusses the introduction of clinical practice in neurological conditions, highlighting various types of conditions, their impact on individuals and healthcare systems, and the role of occupational therapy in managing these conditions. It emphasizes the importance of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in understanding health and disability, and outlines the occupational therapy process for evaluating and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the principles of quality improvement in healthcare services to enhance patient care.

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6 views

RHS307 intrduction1

The document discusses the introduction of clinical practice in neurological conditions, highlighting various types of conditions, their impact on individuals and healthcare systems, and the role of occupational therapy in managing these conditions. It emphasizes the importance of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in understanding health and disability, and outlines the occupational therapy process for evaluating and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the principles of quality improvement in healthcare services to enhance patient care.

Uploaded by

aziztwj221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION OF CLINICAL

PRACTICE IN NEUROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

• a range of conditions affecting the brain or spinal cord which occur through a variety
of mechanisms which include the following:
• Sudden onset conditions (e.g. acquired brain injury of any cause, stroke and spinal
• cord injury)
• Intermittent conditions (e.g. epilepsy)
• Progressive conditions (e.g. multiple sclerosis (MS), motor neurone disease (MND),
• Parkinson’s and other degenerative disorders)
• Stable conditions with/without age‐related degeneration (e.g. polio or cerebral
• palsy).
IMPACT OF NEUROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS

• Neurological conditions account for one in five emergency hospital


admissions, one in eight general practice consultations and a high proportion of
severe and progressive disability in the population (Association of British
Neurologists, 2003)
• As many as 350000 people in the United Kingdom need help with activities of
daily living because of a neurological condition and 850000 people care for
someone with a neurological condition (DoH, 2005)
OT ROLE

• Occupational therapy practice focuses on enabling individuals to modify and


adapt elements of their roles, occupations or environments to support
occupational participation in response to changes within their lives.
• Occupational therapists have a key role to play in supporting people living with
a long‐term neurological condition to manage a life of unpredictability and
uncertainty.
• This requires a complex combination of knowledge and skills to address the
physical, psychological, cognitive and emotional needs of people together with
a broad range of assessments and interventions.
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING,
DISABILITY AND HEALTH

• The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health


(ICF) offers a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of
health and disability (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002)
• Developed within a biopsychosocial model, ICF views disability and
functioning as outcomes of interactions between health conditions
(diseases, disorders and injuries) and contextual factors, Amongst
contextual factors are external environmental factors (e.g., social
attitudes, architectural characteristics, legal and social structures) and
internal factors which include gender, age, coping styles, social
background,
• Within this framework ICF defines three levels of human functioning:
functioning at the level of body or body part (impairment), the whole
person (activity limitations) and the whole person in a social context
(participation restrictions).
FORMAL DEFINITIONS OF THE COMPONENTS OF ICF

• Body functions are physiological functions of body systems (including psychological


functions).
• Body structures are anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components.
• Impairments are problems in body function or structure such as significant deviation or loss.
• Activity is the execution of a task or action by an individual.
• Participation is involvement in a life situation.
• Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may experience in involvement in life
situations.
• Participation restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life
situations.
• Environmental factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which
people live and conduct their lives.
INTERNATIONAL CL ASSIFICATION OF
FUNCTIONING(ICF)
OT PROCESS

• History: including diagnosis past medical history reason for referral, and or review medical records.
• Evaluation: includes carrying out examination(ROM,MMT,FIM) and/or using
assessments tools.
• Identifying problems: impairment, muscle weakness, lack of ROM that interfere
with an activity of daily living like toileting.
• Set golas: an example to reach modified independence (6 in FIM)
• Planning: plan an intervention that would improve an example the muscle
strength in order to carry out the daily activity in example toileting or in other
cases prescribe assistive device that could be used to reach the goal set
• After few sessions reevaluate and assess the patient if these progress continue
if the goal reached move to other goals.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

• Quality is defined as ‘the degree to which services for individualised


populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are
consistent with cur- rent professional knowledge’ (Institute of Medicine,
1990). Improving quality is about making care:
• Safe: avoiding harm to clients from care that is intended to help them
• Effective: providing services based on evidence and which produce a
clear benefit
• Person‐centred: establishing a partnership between the client and
the occupational therapist to ensure care respects the individuals
needs and preferences
• Timely: reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays
• Efficient: avoiding duplication and waste
• Equitable: providing care that does not vary in quality because of
personal
• characteristics.
THANK YOU

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