0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views34 pages

Credit Seminar Ppt10

The document presents a master's seminar on the role of biochar in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural ecosystems. It discusses the determination of heavy metals and soil biological properties, the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change, and the mechanisms by which biochar can reduce emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Case studies demonstrate biochar's effectiveness in enhancing soil health and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting its potential as a climate change mitigation strategy.

Uploaded by

Lovish kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views34 pages

Credit Seminar Ppt10

The document presents a master's seminar on the role of biochar in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural ecosystems. It discusses the determination of heavy metals and soil biological properties, the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change, and the mechanisms by which biochar can reduce emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Case studies demonstrate biochar's effectiveness in enhancing soil health and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting its potential as a climate change mitigation strategy.

Uploaded by

Lovish kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Sher-e-Kashmir

University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Kashmir


Division of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, Sopore- 193201

Welcome to Master’s Seminar

Presented by: Dhrohar Basotra Seminar Incharge:


Registration no.: 17/Ag(SS)/2023-M Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad Ganie
Course Code: Soil 591 (1+0) (Assistant professor, Div. of SS & AC,
Wadura)
1. Determination of Heavy metals:
Determination of total heavy metals(Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper,
Iron, Lead, Nickle ) will be done as per Di-acid(HNO 3-HCLO4) wet oxidation
method, (Hseu ZY, 2004)
DTPA extraction Method (Lindsay, W. L. and Norvell, W. A. 1978)
2. Determination of soil biological properties:
For the isolation of beneficial microbes shall be used and colony forming unit
(cfu g soil) will be counted.
-1
Potential of biochar in mitigating greenhouse gases emission in
agricultural ecosystem
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Overview of Climate Change
 GHGs
 Soil as Source And Sink
 Sources of GHGs
 Biochar- A Mitigation Strategy
 Reduction in emission GHGs
 Case Studies
 Conclusion
Overview of Climate Change

GHGs

Temperature Drought

Precipitation
Sea level
pattern

Byers, 2021
Greenhouse Gas Emission : Overview

HFCs, PFCs, and SF are


GHGs with global
warming potential many
Green house gases GHGs are N2O, CO2, thousand of times greater
increase the global CH4, HFCs, PFCs,
average temperature. than CO2, while CH4 and
SF. N2O with global warming
potential 28 and 280 times
greater than CO2.
Global Warming Potential of GHGs
Global Warming Potential of CO2 : 1
Global Warming Potential of CH4 : 25-28

Global Warming Potential of N2O : 265-280

Global Warming Potential of Fluorinated gases :


HFCs: up to 12,400
PFCs: up to 11,100
NF3: 16,100
SF6: 23,500

US EPA, 2024
GHG Emissions

US EPA, 2024
Contribution of GHGs

Overview of Greenhouse Gases US EPA, 2024


Soil Sink and Source of GHGs

N2O
 Act as sinks and sources of greenhouse gases. CO2 CH4

 Greenhouse gases emission.


 Sequestrations.

GHGs mainly included in agricultural ecosystem are :-


Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide.
Sources of GHGs
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
 Sources: Soil respiration, land-use changes, and fossil fuel combustion.
 Impact on climate change

2. Methane (CH4)
 Sources: Wetlands, rice paddy field, livestock manure, and organic waste
decomposition.
 GWP is more as compared to CO2.

3. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)


 Sources: Agricultural soils, synthetic fertilizers, and organic amendments.
 Role in stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

4. Fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3)


 These gases are emitted from a variety of household, commercial, and
industrial applications and processes.
Kweku et al., 2018
Mechanism of GHG Emissions from Soil

1. Soil respiration and carbon cycle


 Decomposition of organic matter by soil microorganisms.
 Release of carbon dioxide during respiration.

2 Methanogenesis and methane emission.


 Anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in
Waterlogged Soils produce methane.

3. Denitrification processes.
 Release of N2O, N2 and NO gases in the atmosphere
Factors influencing Soil GHG Emissions

Soil
organic Temperature
matter

Plant
Soil
root
texture
activity

Soil Tillage
moisture

Soil Fertilizers
pH
Biochar and its Properties
Biochar is a stable carbon
rich form of charcoal
Increase
prepared from biomass CEC

through pyrolysis. Increases


Increases
Water
aggregate
Holding
stability
Capacity
Properties of
Biochar

Increased
Alkaline
Nutrient
Nature
Availability
High
Carbon
Content
Schematic illustration representing the relationships between biochar and
GHGs emissions during composting

Y. Yin, C. Yang, M. Li et al ., 2021


Biochar as a Mitigation Strategy

1. Carbon sequestration
• Stability of Biochar in soils.
• Long term storage of carbon and its
implications for climate change mitigation.

2. Reduction of soil GHG emissions


• Mechanisms by which biochar reduces carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
Fig: Soil carbon storage after application of biochar and
biomass in to the soil. (Modified from Wang et al. 2016)
Process of carbon sequestration

D. K. Gupta et al., 2020


Biochar’s role in reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions

• Biocharhas the ability to sequester carbon in the soil for long periods
and storing it in a stable form.
1

• Biochar
during pig manure composting reduced CO2 emissions by
26.1% (Wang et al., 2018)
2

• Effect
of biochar on CO2 emissions can be explained by biochar
increasing the sequestration of exogenous organic matter when
3 applied during composting to reduce CO2 emissions (Liu et al., 2017)
Biochar’s role in reducing Methane Emissions

 The porous structure of biochar has been


well reported to adsorb CH4 and provide
habitat for methanotrophs (Ji et al., 2020)

 The adsorption of NH4+ by biochar will


reduce the nitrogen utilisation efficiency by
methanogens, thereby inhibiting the
activity of methanogens and reducing CH4
emissions (Karhu et al., 2011)
Biochar’s role in reducing Nitrous oxide emissions

Microbial Colonization
Inorganic N utilized by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.

N2O Reduction
pH alters in soil

Rondon et al., (2006) first reported the decrease in the emission of N2 O after biochar amendment.
2

The surface of biochar can absorb N2 O and reduce it to N (Harter et al., 2016)
2 2.
Biochar’s role in reducing Ammonia Gas Emissions

• Biochar enhances the composting environment and the


activities of nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia
into nitrate, thereby retaining nitrogen within the
compost (Akdeniz, 2019)

• Biochar treatment increases the cellulase activity in the


compost and thus more dissolved organic carbon is
produced via the decomposition of cellulose, which en-
hances the microbial utilization of NH4 and ultimately
+
4

reduces NH4 emissions (Agyarko-Mintah et al., 2017)


3
Case Study - 1

They analyzed the effects of rice straw biochar (RSBC) and swine manure biochar (SMBC)
on N2O emission from paddy soil. The biochars were added to soil at the rates of 1% and
5% .
Yang et al., 2020
Case Study – 1 continue..

Cumulative emission of soil N2O during 2 h-30 days of the incubation at rice growth stage.
Different lowercase letters within a column indicate significant differences at P<0.05

RESULTS :-
SMBC Biochar mitigated N2O
emission from paddy soil by
increasing soil pH, decreasing
nitrate reductase and NH4 + content
Case Study - 2

Treatrments:-
1. Control (ck),
2. Soil+Biochar (B),
3. Soil+Urea N, (N)
4. Soil+urea N+biochar (BN)

Wang et al., 2013


Case Study – 2 continue..

RESULTS :-
N2O emissions from paddy soils can be substantially reduced via biochar
application, due to reduction of soil NH4 and NO3 concentration.
Biochar addition did not enhance soil C cycling in both paddy soils.
Case Study - 3

T-1: Poultry manure + wheat straw (Control)


T-2: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 2% Bamboo biochar
T-3: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 4% Bamboo biochar
T-4: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 6% Bamboo biochar
T-5: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 8% Bamboo biochar
T-6: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 12% wheat straw biochar + 10% Bamboo biochar. Awasthi, M. K. et al., 2020
Case Study – 3 continue..

Treatments CH4 (%) CO2(%) Treatments NH3 (%) N2O (%)


T-1 0.48 547.27 T-1 47.80 3.15
T-2 0.42 512.42 T-2 38.72 2.76
T-3 0.38 468.71 T-3 31.40 2.04
T-4 0.29 328.14 T-4 25.54 1.86
T-5 0.22 256.08 T-5 16.73 1.05
T-6 0.13 148.76 T-6 10.81 0.58

Emission of CH4 , CO2 in T-6 is less. Emission of NH3 , N2O in T-6 is less.

RESULTS :- T-6 amendment in composting


promoted enzyme activities, and reduced
T-6: Poultry manure + wheat straw + 12% wheat straw biochar + gaseous emission.
10% Bamboo biochar.
Case Study - 4

Field experiment was conducted with these treatments:


1) DM with high N conc. (DM1: 0.37% N)
2) DM with low N conc. (DM2: 0.13% N)
3) IN
4) DM1+BC
5) DM2+BC
6) IN + BC
7) Control (N0)
W. Ashiq et al., 2020
Case Study – 4 continue..
Cumulative GHG emission CO2, CH4 and N2O (kg/ha season )
RESULTS:- BC amendment to 2016
DM1, DM2 and IN significantly
reduced cumulative CO2 emission Treatments CO2 CH4 N20
by 16, 25.5 and 26.5%, CH4 DM1 7834 1.26 1.70
emission by 184, 200 and 293% and DM1+BC 6430 -1.42 -0.15
N2O emission by 95, 86 and 93% DM2 7652 0.83 2.17
respectively.
DM2+BC 5666 -0.01 0.59
IN 7566 0.86 1.80
The reduction in the availability of IN+BC 5576 -1.69 0.24
labile C due to the sorption of
organic matter and enzymes on BC NO 5961 -0.10 0.89
surface reduced CO2 emissions. 2017
BC adsorb CH4 on its surface Treatments CO2 CH4 N20
because of the highly porous
DM1 7078 11.6 1.95
structure and large surface area
BC amendment enhanced the DM1+BC 5957 -6.5 0.33
growth of soil microbes that reduced DM2 5601 11.5 1.63
N2O emission by supporting
DM2+BC 4100 -9.1 -0.01
denitrification of NO3 to N2
IN 5248 9.9 1.47
IN+BC 3800 -1.9 0.19
NO 3997 -0.28 0.96
Case Study - 5

They conducted an 8 week laboratory incubation using soils from PASTURE


(silt loam) and RICE PADDY (silt loam) sites with and without two types of
biochar (biochar from swine manure [CHAR-M] and from barley stover [CHAR-
B]).

TREATMENTS
CON (soil without biochar)
Swine manure (CHAR-M)
Barley stover (CHAR-B)
Gayoung Yoo and Hojeong Kang 2012
Case Study – 5 continue..

BEFORE INCUBATION AFTER INCUBATION

Treatments NO3 NH4 Treatments NO3 NH4


CON 1.89 1.41 CON 10.64 4.28
Pasture Pasture
CHAR-M 8.90 1.30 CHAR-M 25.03 3.87
CHAR-B 2.16 1.27 CHAR-B 12.70 4.17
CON 1.60 1.30 CON 5.88 3.82
Rice Paddy Rice Paddy
CHAR-M 16.40 1.43 CHAR-M 28.85 3.86
CHAR-B 1.93 1.43 CHAR-B 6.74 4.04

RESULTS :- There was a decrease in N2O emissions from the PASTURE soil with the addition of CHAR-B.
For RICE PADDY soil N2O emission was enhanced by the addition of CHAR-M due to higher avaliabilty of
N.
CONCLUSION

 Biochar has shown a significant potential to mitigate GHGs.


 Biochar plays significant role in stabilizing carbon and enhancing plant growth to reduce
CO2 emission.
 Improving soil aeration and supporting methanotrophic bacteria to lower CH 4 emission.
 Altering nitrogen dynamics and microbial communities to decrease N 2O emission.
 These combined effects make biochar a best strategy for climate change mitigation as well
as GHGs emission mitigation.

You might also like