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The Problem and its Scope

The document outlines the essential components of a research study, including the problem's background, rationale, and significance. It details the structure of the research paper, types of titles, and the importance of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Additionally, it emphasizes the formulation of hypotheses and the significance of clearly stating the research problem and design.

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Jane Macalos
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9 views

The Problem and its Scope

The document outlines the essential components of a research study, including the problem's background, rationale, and significance. It details the structure of the research paper, types of titles, and the importance of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Additionally, it emphasizes the formulation of hypotheses and the significance of clearly stating the research problem and design.

Uploaded by

Jane Macalos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Problem and

its Scope
Presented by:

DIANNE G. BALONGA
Instructor 1
The Problem and Its
Scope
• basic background information showing the current state
of the problem or issue, and data gaps based on existing
literature.

• provides the reason or justification of the study.

• provides the structure to be followed in conducting a


study.
Research Title
• The “ face” of the research paper.

• Captures the fundamental nature of the study and


findings.

• Needs to be specific , informative, accurate, appropriate,


unique, not misleading.

• Contains the keywords [variables] that reflect the


essence of the study.
Types of Titles
• a. Nominal titles / Descriptive or neutral Title
• Captures only the main theme of the study
• has the essential elements of the research theme, that is, the
subjects, design, and outcome, but does not reveal the main
result or the conclusion
• b. Compound titles
• with subtitles to provide additional relevant information such as
context, design, etc.
• c. Full sentence titles /Declarative titles
• Longer and indicate an added degree of certainly of the results
• states the main finding of the study in the title itself
• d. Interrogative Title
• has a query or the research question in the title.
Parts of the Chapter 1
(Problem and its Scope)
• Background and rationale of the study

• Statement of the Problem

• Hypothesis [es] of the Study

• Significance of the Study

• Environment and Participants

• Definition of Terms
Rationale
• The rationale of your research is the reason for
conducting the study.

• The rationale should answer the need for conducting


the said research.

• It is a very important part of your research as it


justifies the significance and novelty of the study. That
is why it is also referred to as the justification of the
study.
Rationale
• To write your rationale, you should first write a
background on what all research has been done on
your study topic.

• Follow this with ‘what is missing’ or ‘what are the


open questions of the study’.

• Identify the gaps in the literature and emphasize why


it is important to address those gaps.
Literature Background
• Review both conceptual literature and related studies.

• .Presents a historical background of the subject being


studied.

• Identifies gaps and inconsistencies in previous researches.

• Helps define the research problem.

• Presents the relationships among variables that have been


investigated.
Literature Background
• Helps in the development of the theoretical framework.

• Helps in the development of the conceptual framework.

• Provides information on the methods used.

• Helps in the interpretation of findings.

• Helps in outlining the implications of the study.


Rules of Thumb in Reviewing
Literature
• Do not rely on secondary materials or research abstracts.

• Focus not only on the major findings, but also on how


these were arrived at (methods).

• Consider sources other than from the developed countries


.

• Unless necessary, avoid direct quotations from sources.

• Review recent materials but old materials are useful for


historical background.
Theoretical Framework of the
Study
• Presents the THEORY from which the research problem
was derived or to which it is linked (Librero, 1986);

• The generality of relations in a theory makes for possible


applications to many phenomena and to many people in
many places.
Functions of the Theoretical
Framework
• Provides research a theoretical base or anchorage upon
which all the data can be related.

• Helps integrate the different factors of the study.

• Summarizes the facts to be gathered and why


propositions regarding certain relationships are made.

• Leads to the formulation of hypotheses that are


empirically meaningful.
Conceptual Framework
of the Study

• Presents the relationship between the specific concepts


that may be studied;

• concepts should be derived from those used in the


theoretical framework, and are more concrete (Librero,
1996).
Functions of Conceptual
Framework
• Spells out the variables that the researcher must take
into account.

• Delimits the boundaries of the prospective investigation


by suggesting which variables are to be considered
irrelevant.

• Provides the structure of the study that imparts meaning


to the research findings.
Hypothesis
• a tentative proposition about the relationship between
two or more variables (Kerlinger, 1986).

• a tentative answer to the research problem, expressed


in the form of clearly stated relation between the
independent and dependent variables;

• derived from theory

• the working instrument of theory


Hypothesis
• A hypothesis is a statement that can be proved
or disproved.

• It is typically used in quantitative research and


predicts the relationship between variables.
Types of Hypotheses
1. Null Hypothesis (Ho)
• is a non relational statement of a condition between
two variables; states that there are no significant
difference between two variables.

2. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)


• states a relationship between two or more variables
that the research predicts will emerge; also called
research or substantive hypothesis.
Statement of the Problem
• All research papers will address a specific research
problem, whether it’s a practical issue that you want
to explore or a theoretical issue that can expand our
understanding of a particular field of study.

• The direction of your research takes will depend on your


field and what you aim to accomplish in your thesis.

• A research question aims to guide your paper’s research


in a specific direction.

• You may have one or several research questions, but


they’re all centered around your research problem.
Statement of the Problem
Presentation of the problem or issue

1. Narrative form
• emphasis on the existence of the problem and describing
gaps in existing body of knowledge.

2. Question form
• emphasizes questions which require a definite answer
(Kerlinger, 1986).
Statement of the Problem
• Express a relation between two or more variables.

• Imply possibilities of empirical testing – actual


relation is stated, and the variables can be
measured.

• Stated clearly, explicitly, concretely, and


unambiguously and in question form.
Significance of the Study
• The significance of the study is a written statement
that explains why your research was needed.

• It’s a justification of the importance of your work


and impact it has on your research field, it’s
contribution to new knowledge and how others will
benefit from it.
Research Design
• A framework for conducting a research project that
specifies the procedures necessary to obtain
information.

• needed to structure and/or solve the research problem.

• Framework that guides researchers on


a. how to collect,
b. how to analyze,
c. how to interpret observations
Research Design
• The plan, structure and strategy of the
investigation.
• Plan is the overall scheme or program of the research.

• Structure means the outline of the operation of the


variable.

• Strategy refers to the methods employed to gather


and analyze data (Kerlinger, 1986).
Thank you

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