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1.3 Slides - Cell Structure and Function

The document provides an overview of cell structure and function, highlighting that a cell is the basic unit of life composed of protoplasm, which includes the cell surface membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It details various organelles such as the cell wall, cell surface membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, along with their structures and functions. Additionally, it distinguishes between plant and animal cells based on the presence of a cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

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Hebe Tang
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4 views

1.3 Slides - Cell Structure and Function

The document provides an overview of cell structure and function, highlighting that a cell is the basic unit of life composed of protoplasm, which includes the cell surface membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It details various organelles such as the cell wall, cell surface membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, along with their structures and functions. Additionally, it distinguishes between plant and animal cells based on the presence of a cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

Uploaded by

Hebe Tang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Model of Cells –

The Basic Unit of Life


Cell Structure and Function
Think about this…

• So what is a cell?

 A cell is a basic unit


of life
What does a cell consist of?

 Each living cell consists of living material called


protoplasm.

 Protoplasm of cell is made up of three parts:


 Cell surface membrane cell surface
 Cytoplasm membrane
 Nucleus cytoplas
m

nucleus
Cell Structure & Function

Organelle Structure Function (s)


Cell wall • Outermost part • Protects the
of cell plant cell from
• Composed of injury
cellulose • Gives the plant
• Freely cell a fixed
permeable shape
Cell surface
• Also called • Controls the
membrane
Cell plasma movement of
surface
membrane membrane substances into
• Partially- and out of the
permeable cell
Cell Structure & Function

Organelle Structure Function (s)


Cytoplasm • Semi-solid/jelly-like • Site of most
Cytoplasm substance cellular
• Contains functions and
organelles and reactions
substances

Nucleus • Controls all cell


• Contains
hereditary activities, such as
material (DNA) cell growth and
organised in repair
structures called • Has an essential role
chromatin/ in cell division
chromosomes. • Genes in DNA
determine
characteristics of
organism
FYI: Nucleus structure

Nucleus nuclear envelope

nucleoplasm

nucleolus

chromatin

Contains DNA,
during cell division 
condenses to form…
Cell Structure & Function

Organelle Structure Function (s)


Vacuole • A fluid-filled space • Cell sap (of plant
enclosed by a vacuole) contains
membrane in the cell water, dissolved
• Particularly prominent nutrients and some
(usually large and waste
central), in plant cells • Animal vacuoles hold
Vacuole
• Animal vacuoles are water and food
Chloroplast smaller and substances
• numerous
Oval structure which • Contains chlorophyll
temporarily
contains a green to absorb sunlight for
pigment - chlorophyll photosynthesis.
Cell Structure & Function

Chloroplast
Cell Structure & Organisation

Organelle Structure Function (s)


Mitochondrion • Rod-like/Ovoid in • Site of aerobic
shape, with respiration
extensive which releases
infoldings in inner energy for
membrane cellular
functions and
activities
Plant vs. Animal cells

How does the


structure of a typical
plant cell differ from
that of an animal
cell?
Distinguishing plant & animal cells

Plant cell Animal cell

Cell wall present Cell wall absent

A large central Numerous small


vacuole vacuoles
Chloroplasts present Chloroplasts absent
in photosynthesizing
plant cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Is this cell a plant, an animal cell, or neither? Why?

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