Scribd
Upload
6 views

LESSON-4.-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM (1)

The endocrine system consists of various glands that secrete hormones, regulating essential bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, mood, and reproduction. Hormonal imbalances can lead to health issues, influenced by factors like illness and stress. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, reproductive organs, and pineal gland, each producing specific hormones that play vital roles in the body's functioning.

Uploaded by

Chrystelle Grace Tonogan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

LESSON-4.-ENDOCRINE-SYSTEM (1)

The endocrine system consists of various glands that secrete hormones, regulating essential bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, mood, and reproduction. Hormonal imbalances can lead to health issues, influenced by factors like illness and stress. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, reproductive organs, and pineal gland, each producing specific hormones that play vital roles in the body's functioning.

Uploaded by

Chrystelle Grace Tonogan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
is composed of
several organs called
glands that secrete
different types of
hormones that affect
almost every cell,
organ, and function of
the body.
The ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM is
composed of
different glands
which secrete
hormones that
regulate
metabolism, growth
and development,
mood, and
reproduction.
HORMONES
These are organic
substances
released by the
glands of the
endocrine system
directly into the
bloodstream.
HORMONES • Produced by
the endocrine
glands

• Carried into the


blood vessels
(bloodstream)
HORMONE
S
Sometimes, glands produce too much or
not enough of a hormone. This imbalance
can cause health problems, such as
weight gain, high blood pressure, and
changes in sleep, mood and behavior.
Many things can affect how your body
creates and releases hormones. ILLNESS,
STRESS and certain MEDICATIONS can
cause a HORMONE IMBALANCE.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
• REGULATES REPRODUCTION
• HELPS YOU COPE WITH THE CHANGES IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
• RESPONSIBLE FOR MANY REACTIONS
• HELPS CONTROL MOOD, GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
• PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF
DISORDERS
1. PITUITARY GLAND
a. OXYTOCIN
- to stimulate uterine contractions in labor
and childbirth
- Stimulate contractions of the breast tissue
to aid in lactation after childbirth
- “LOVE HORMONE” or “CUDDLE
CHEMICAL” (increases during hugging and
orgasm)
b. GROWTH HORMONE
- influencing our height, and helping build our
bones and muscles
- growth hormone levels increase during
childhood and peak during puberty

c. PROLACTIN (PRL)
- causes the breast to grow and make milk
during pregnancy and after birth
d. LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
- aids in egg maturation and provides the
hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release
of eggs from the ovary.
- in males, LH causes the testicles to make
testosterone, which is important for producing
sperm.
e. FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
- an important hormone for normal functioning of the
reproductive system in men and women.
- in women, FSH controls the menstrual cycle and the
production of eggs by the ovaries.
f. ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH)
- plays a large role in how your body responds to
stress. The release of ACTH triggers your adrenal glands
to produce CORTISOL, the “stress hormone” and
androgens
- controls the production of another hormone
“cortisol”
g. ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
- helps regulate the body’s water balance,
blood pressure, and sodium levels.
h. THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) /
THYROTROPIN

- regulate (by stimulating) the production


of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
- TSH tells your thyroid how much thyroid
hormone it needs to make
2. THYROID GLAND

a. THYROID HORMONE
- regulates body’s metabolism (process by
which the body changes food and drink into
energy)

 THYROXINE (T4)
- main hormone produced by the thyroid gland
- inactive, so it doesn’t directly impact cells
 TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)

- active form of thyroid hormone


- more potent and biologically active
than T4
 CALCITONIN
- regulates calcium levels in the blood
by DECREASING IT. (reduces the
concentration of blood calcium level when
it has risen to an above normal level)
- it opposes the actions of the
parathyroid hormone, which increases
blood calcium levels
3. PARATHYROID GLAND

a. PARATHORMONE (PTH)
- regulates calcium levels in your blood
by INCREASING the levels when they are too
low.

- It does it through its actions on the


kidneys, bones and intestine: BONES –
parathyroid hormones stimulate the release
of calcium from large calcium stores in the
bones into the bloodstream.
4. THYMUS

a. THYMOSIN

- stimulate the production of T cells, which


are an important part of the immune system.

- Thymosin also assists in the development


of B cells to plasma cells to produce
ANTIBODIES
5. ADRENAL GLAND

a. ADRENALINE/ EPINEPHRINE
- together with norepinephrine, it
functions to prepare the body for “FIGHT
or FLIGHT”
6. PANCREAS

a. INSULIN
- controls the amount of glucose in your
bloodstream at any given amount

- helps STORE GLUCOSE in your liver, fat, and


muscles

- REDUCES body’s blood sugar levels and


provides cells with glucose for energy by helping
cells absorb glucose.
6. PANCREAS

a. GLUCAGON

- When blood sugar levels are too low, the


pancreas releases GLUCAGON.

- Glucagon instructs the liver to release


stored glucose which causes the body’s sugar
levels to rise.
7. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
a. TESTES
 TESTOSTERONE
- regulates sex drive (libido), bone mass,
fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and
the production of RBC and sperm
 ANDROGEN
- responsible for the development of
secondary sexual characteristics in men, including
facial and body hair growth and voice change.
7. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
b. OVARIES

 ESTROGEN
-(ovaries) helps stimulate the growth of the egg
follicle
- (Vagina) estrogen maintains the thickness of the
vaginal wall and promotes lubrication
- (Uterus) enhances and maintains the mucus
membrane that lines the uterus
 PROGESTERONE
- to prepare the endometrium lining (lining of the
uterus) for a fertilized egg to implant and grow
8. PINEAL GLAND

a. MELATONIN
- A hormone that your brain produces
in response to darkness. It helps WITH THE
TIMING OF YOUR CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND
WITH SLEEP. Being exposed to light at night
can block melatonin production.
• Circadian rhythms are physical, mental and behavioral
changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. These natural
processes respond primarily to light and dark.
• Your pineal gland releases the highest levels of melatonin
when there’s darkness and decreases melatonin production
when you’re exposed to light. In other words, you have low
levels of melatonin in your blood during the daylight hours
and peak levels of melatonin during the nighttime.
• Because of this, melatonin has often been referred to as a
“sleep hormone.” While melatonin is not essential for
sleeping, you sleep better when you have the highest
levels of melatonin in your body.

You might also like