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The document explains how to calculate variance and standard deviation for a data set, outlining the definitions, processes, and formulas involved. It provides a step-by-step example using math exam scores to illustrate the calculations. Additionally, it includes instructions for finding these statistics using SPSS software.

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6 views

PS Presentation

The document explains how to calculate variance and standard deviation for a data set, outlining the definitions, processes, and formulas involved. It provides a step-by-step example using math exam scores to illustrate the calculations. Additionally, it includes instructions for finding these statistics using SPSS software.

Uploaded by

loyal Xd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIANCE

AND
STANDAR
D
OBJECTIVE

To find the


variance of a data
set.
To find the
standard deviation
of a data set.
2
VARIANCE
DEFINITION
 Variance is the average squared
deviation
from the mean of a set of data.

 It is used to find the standard


deviation.

4
PROCESSES TO FIND
VARIANCE

Find the Mean of the data.


 Mean is the average so add up the values and divide by
the number of items.
Subtract the mean from each value – the
result is called the deviation from the mean.
Square each deviation of the mean.
Find the sum of the squares.
Divide the total by the number of items.

5
VARIANCE FORMULA
The variance formula includes the Summation 
Notation,
which represents the sum of all the items to the
right of Sigma.
 x  X 
2
 x  X 
2
2
2  s 
N n 1

For population variance For sample


variance
Mean is represented by, and N or n is the
number of items.
6
STANDARD
DEVIATION
STANDARD
DEVIATION
 Standard Deviation shows the variation in

data.
 If the data is close together, the standard
deviation will be small.
 If the data is spread out, the standard
deviation will be large.

 Standard Deviation is often denoted



by the lowercase Greek letter sigma, .
8
PROCESS TO FIND STANDARD
DEVIATION

Find the variance.


a) Find the Mean of the data.
b) Subtract the mean from each value.
c) Square each deviation of the mean.
d) Find the sum of the squares.
e) Divide the total by the number of
items.
 Take the square root of the variance.

9
STANDARD DEVIATION
FORMULA
The standard deviation formula can be represented
using Sigma Notation:

 x  X 
2
 x   
2

s 
n 1
sample standard deviation
N
population standard
deviation
The standard deviation formula is the square root of
the variance.

10
GRAPH
The bell curve is commonly seen in statistics
as a tool to understand standard deviation.

11
FIND THE VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION

Example : 1

The Math exam scores of five


students are:
92,88,80,68 and 52.

“Consider test scores values


are (x)”

12
STEPS
1) Find the Mean (x̅ ):
(92+88+80+68+52)/5 = 76.
2) Find the deviation from the mean:
(x -x̅ )
92-76=16
88-76=12
80-76=4
68-76= -8
52-76= -24

13
STEPS
3) Square the deviation from the mean:

(x -x̅ )2
(16)² = 256
(12)² = 144
(4)² = 16
(-8)² = 64
(-24)² = 576

14
STEPS

4) Find the sum of the squares of the


deviation from the mean (x -x̅ )2 :
256+144+16+64+576= 1056
5) Divide by the number of data items to
find the variance:

( x  X ) 2

N
variance=1056/5 = 211.2

15
STEPS

6) Find the square root of the variance:

211.2
S.D= 14.53
Thus, the standard deviation of the test
scores is 14.53.

16
STEPS OF FINDING SD AND
VARIANCE ON SPSS
 Add 50 variables and add data for these
variables

17
FINDING SD AND VARIANCE
ON SPSS
 After adding variables and their data

 click on  Select Descriptive


Analyze Statistics

 Click on Arrow and Select


Statistics

 Select
Frequencies
18
STEPS OF FINDING SD AND
VARIANCE ON SPSS

 Select Standard Result


Deviation and
Variance then click
on continue and Ok

19
CONCLUSION

 As we have seen, standard deviation


measures the dispersion of data.

 The greater the value of the standard


deviation, the further the data tend
to be dispersed from the mean.

20

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