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Lesson 1 - Knowing Oneself

The document discusses the concept of 'self' and its significance in personal development, emphasizing the importance of self-knowledge as a foundation for growth. It explores the definitions of 'self' in psychology, sociology, and religion, and introduces personality traits and theories, particularly the Big Five model. Additionally, it outlines methods for measuring personality, including standardized tests like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

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kglocahin062998
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1 views

Lesson 1 - Knowing Oneself

The document discusses the concept of 'self' and its significance in personal development, emphasizing the importance of self-knowledge as a foundation for growth. It explores the definitions of 'self' in psychology, sociology, and religion, and introduces personality traits and theories, particularly the Big Five model. Additionally, it outlines methods for measuring personality, including standardized tests like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

Uploaded by

kglocahin062998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERSONAL

UNIT DEVELOPMENT
I: SELF-DEVELOPMENT
LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF

BY MS. TIN
• What is your understanding of
“Self”?

• How do you describe yourself as a


person?
Defi ning the
“SELF”
• Adolescence is the time when young
people start to ask questions about
themselves, about their future, and even
about their religious and political beliefs.

• This may seem very philosophical to


some, but knowing oneself is the first
step in personal development.
• It is believed that the words “Know Thyself,”
which were written at the entry of the oracle at
Delphi by a group made up of seven Greek
philosophers, statesmen, and lawgivers,
eventually became the cornerstone of Western
philosophy.
• Socrates, who came
decades after these two
words were scripted at
Delphi, had said that it
seems ridiculous for him to
investigate other
unimportant things when he
has not known his self yet.
For Socrates, the most
important thing to pursue
was self-knowledge, and
admitting one’s ignorance is
the beginning of true
knowledge (Scholtz, 206).
The “Self” may be identified in
various contexts, such as in
psychology, sociology, or religion.

• In psychology, the “Self” is the


essence of a person: his
thoughts, feelings and actions,
experiences, beliefs, values,
principles, and relationships.
• In religion or in the spiritual realm, the “Self”
includes a person’s life purpose, meaning,
aspirations, and one’s relationship with a higher
being.

• In sociology, the “Self” is said to be defined


by the roles we take when we relate with
others, such as being your parents’ child,
being a classmate, a friend, or a teammate
pERSONALITY
The word "personality"
stems from the Latin word
persona, which refers to a
theatrical mask worn by
performers to play roles or
disguise their identities.
• In Psychology, personality refers to
behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives
that identify and describe an individual.
Personality is usually described in
behavioral terms that are observable and
measurable.
• Two key characteristics of personality:the
uniqueness of an individual’s thoughts,
feelings, and behavior; and being relatively
enduring, or being consistent, over different
situations and over time.
• Gordon Allport defines
personality as “a
pattern of habits,
attitudes, and traits that
determine an
individual’s
characteristics,
behavior, and traits”
This definition
emphasizes uniqueness
and consistency, and
captures aspects of
personality
NATURE,NURTURE,
AND PERSONALITY
• Personality is influenced by both
nature (heredity or genetic make-
up) and nurture (environment).

• There is no single gene that


creates a trait. It is always a
complex combination of genes,
environmental exposure and
experiences, and cultural
backgrounds.
TRAIT
THEORIES
One general point of view explains that personality
deals with traits, and that trait or disposition is a major
factor in personality. Trait theory is an approach in
identifying types of personalities based on certain traits
or attributes, which vary from one person to the other.
Psychologists Costa and McRae (1996) developed a categorized
scheme that described personality. Based on their research, they
discovered the existence of five universal and widely agreed upon
dimensions of personality. They called it the Big Five or the five-factor
model. These dimensions or tendencies are: openness to experience,
conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. For it
to be easily remembered, it uses the acronym OCEAN. These
dimensions may be described using its most positive traits:
• Openness to experience – curiosity, interest, imagination, and
creativity to new ideas.

• Conscientiousness – planning, organizing, hardworking, controlling,


persevering, and punctuality.

• Extraversion – sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving.

• Agreeableness – friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and kind-


hearted.
• Neuroticism – calm, relaxed, and comfortable.
MEASURING
PERSONALITY
• There are different ways to measure
personality. One is by observing people’s
behavior. This is quite limited as other
people may not be able to observe all
aspects of personality such as loneliness,
which is internal and is observed by others
very subjectively.
• Personality can be measured using
standardized tests like the Rorschach
Inkblot Test, the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI), and the Keirsey
Temperament Sorter. Many online tests are
provided for free, particularly for those who
seek to find out their personality to
establish their career paths.
The Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator
Katherine Briggs and Isabel
Briggs Myers developed the
Myers-Briggs personality
model based on four
preferences of individuals.
These are:
• E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) is how an
individual prefers to channel his or her energy when
dealing with people, whether it is inward
(introversion) or outward (extraversion).

• S or N (Sensing or Intuition) is how one prefers to


process information, whether through the use of
senses, such as being able to describe what one
sees, or intuitively, like dealing with ideas.
• T or F (Thinking or Feeling) is how an individual
prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using
logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the
cognitive senses based on values or beliefs.

• J or P (Judgment or Perception) is how an individual


prefers to manage one’s life, whether through
judging, which means a planned and organized life,
versus perception, which has a more flexible
approach to living.
• The combination of these four preferences produces 16 types of
combinations of personality types, usually represented by their
first letters. There is a web page where you can find the 16
combinations and their descriptions:
http://www.personalityperfect.com/16-personality-types/ And, if
you are curious about your own personality type according to
this test, you may check out this web address: http://www.
personalityperfect.com/test/free-personality-test/

• Always remember that when taking these types of online tests,


they are not the real tests being given out, and therefore,
inaccurate. You may want to take the test in the spirit of fun and
discovery.

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