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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is a network of glands that use hormones to regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and response to stress. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads, each producing specific hormones that affect target organs. Homeostasis is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment, and conditions like Type 1 diabetes occur when hormone regulation fails.

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12 views9 pages

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is a network of glands that use hormones to regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and response to stress. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads, each producing specific hormones that affect target organs. Homeostasis is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment, and conditions like Type 1 diabetes occur when hormone regulation fails.

Uploaded by

joshuaaitokhuehi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
By: Joshua Aitokhuehi, Tiwajopelo Kuti
and Sikemi Adaramola
What is the
Endocrine System?
• The endocrine system is a complex network of
glands and organs. It uses hormones to control and
coordinate the body's metabolism, energy level,
reproduction, growth and development, and
response to injury, stress, and mood.

• Hormones are chemicals that are produced by a


gland and carried in the blood(plasma), which alters
the activities of their specific target organs.
• NOTE: Target organs are organs whose activity is
altered by a hormone.
Endocrine vs Nervous
System
The functions of the nervous system and the endocrine
system are very similar and can be confused. Here are a
few differences between the two organ systems
NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
It is made up of neurones. It is made up of glands.
Information is transmitted in the form Information is transmitted in the form
of electrical impulses. of chemicals called hormones.

Impulses are transmitted along Chemicals are carried in the blood


neurones. plasma.

Impulses travel quickly, so action is Chemicals travel more slowly, so


fast. action is slower.
Key Glands in the Endocrine System

• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Adrenal gland
• Pancreas
• Gonads (ovaries and testes)
The Pituitary Gland

It Is located at the base of the brain. It is often


called the master gland as it regulates other
endocrine glands and various bodily functions.
Key Hormones:
Growth Hormone: Stimulates growth and cell
reproduction.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: Stimulates the
adrenal glands to produce cortisol.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates
the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Key Glands in the Endocrine System
Endocrine Gland Location in the body Key hormone Function of the hormone
secreted
Pituitary gland Base of the brain Growth hormone Stimulates growth and cell
reproduction.
Thyroid gland Front of the neck, around the Thyroxine Increases metabolism and
trachea regulates growth.
Adrenal glands On top of each kidney Adrenaline Increases heart rate and
energy production during
stress (fight-or-flight
response)
Pancreas Behind the stomach Insulin Lowers blood glucose levels in
the body.
Glucagon Raises blood glucose levels by
promoting the release of
glucose stored in the liver.
Gonads(testes Ovaries are located in the Testosterone Causes the development of
and ovaries female pelvis; testes are male secondary
located in the male scrotum. characteristics
Oestrogen Regulates the menstrual cycle
and promotes female
secondary sexual
characteristics.
HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasis can be defined as the process by


which the body maintains a constant internal
environment. Homeostasis helps the cells to work
as efficiently as possible. For example, the body
maintains an internal temperature of 37°C to
allow enzymes to work at an optimum rate.
TYPE 1 DIABETES

• The pancreas secretes two hormones, insulin and glucagon


to maintain glucose concentration in the body.
• When there is an excess supply of glucose, the pancreas
secretes insulin which reduces the glucose concentration by
causing the liver to absorb glucose from the blood. Some is
used for respiration, but some is converted into glycogen
which is stored in the liver.
• Alternatively, if there is little supply of glucose, the
pancreas secretes glucagon which causes the liver to break
down the glycogen and release it into the blood
• Type 1 diabetes occurs when the cells that secrete insulin
die. As a result, the glucose concentration becomes too high
in the body.

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