COURSE: INTERNATIONAL

ORGANISATIONS
TOPIC: UNITED NATIONS

LECTURER: DR ROBERT YAKUBU ADJUK

UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION
This is an international organization that is saddled with the responsibility
of promoting international cooperation and to create and maintain
international order. The organization replaced the League of Nations that
was considered to be ineffective.
UNO was established on 24October 1945 after World War 11 in order to
prevent another conflict. The organization is currently made up of 193
member states. It is a global organization that brings together its
member states to confront common challenges.
On 31 May 2017, the General Assembly of the United Nations elected
H.E. Miroslav Lajcak of Slovakia as President of its seventy-two session,
which spans from Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018
HISTORY OF UNO
• The name “United Nations”, was coined by US President , Franklin D.
Roosevelt in the Declaration by UN of 1 January 1942 during the 2nd
World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their
governments to continue fights together against the Axis powers. In
1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the UN
conference on International organization to draw up the UN Charter.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of 50
countries. Poland, which was not represented at the conference,
signed it later and became one of the original 51member states.
AIMS OF UNO
• To maintain international peace and security, and to develop friendly
relations among nations.
• To ensure international cooperation in solving problems of economic,
social and humanitarian nature.
• To promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental
freedom.
• To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.
ORGANS OF UNO
• The General Assembly
It is the main organ of the UN consisting of representatives of all the
members of the U.N. Each member state has a single vote and all
members are equally placed, unlike in the case of the Security Council.
• It generally holds regular annual session in September. Decisions are
taken based on simple majority, but in cases of peace, security,
election of new UN members and budget, a two-thirds majority vote
is required.
ORGANS CONT….
• UN General Assembly elects the ten nonpermanent members of the
Security Council. It elects members of The Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC) and Trusteeship Council. It elects along with the
Security Council Judges of the International Court of Justice. It
appoints UN Secretary General, based on the recommendation of the
Security Council. It approves the UN budget. It receives and considers
reports from the other UN organs.
THE UN SECRETARY GENERALS
1. Name: Trygve Lie. Country: Norway. Term of office: 1945-1953
2. Name: Dag Hammarskjold. Country: Sweden. Term of office: 1953-
1961
3. Name: Uthant. Country: Burma. Term of office: 1961-1971
4. Name: Kurt Waldheim. Country: Austria. Term of office: 1972-1981
5. Name: Javier Perez de Cuellar. Country: Peru. Term of office: 1982-
1991
6. Name: Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Country: Egypt. Term of office: 1992-
1995
THE UN SECRETARY GENERALS
CONT..
7 .Name: Kofi Annan. Country: Ghana. Term of office: 1997-2005
8. Name: Ban Ki-moon. Country: South Korea. Term of office: 2007-
2015
9. Name: Antonio Guterres. Country: Portugal. Term of office: 2017-
incumbent
UN SECURITY COUNCIL
• It is the main organ of the UN with the basic responsibility for the
maintenance of World Peace. It has 15 countries as members. Five of
them are permanent members - the United States of America, the
United Kingdom, Russia, France and China. The remaining ten are
non-permanent members, who are elected for a two-year term by a
two-thirds majority of the General Assembly. Out of these ten seats,
five are allocated to Afro-Asian region, two seats to Latin America,
one seat to Eastern Europe and remaining two seats to Western
Europe and others.
UN SECURITY COUNCIL CONT..
• The five permanent members of the Security Council have special
voting rights known as 'Veto' power. Any decision in the Security
Council can be taken only with the support of at least nine members
including that of five permanent members. Thus, no decision can be
taken in the Council, even if one permanent member votes against
the proposal. Decisions taken by the UN Security Council are binding
on all the members of the UN, since the UN charter provides that the
Council’s decisions are made in the name of all UN members.
POWERS OF THE SECURITY
COUNCIL
To settle disputes among member states, requisitioning military forces;
from the members for peace keeping operations; To approve the
admission of countries as new members; To recommend to the General
Assembly on appointment of Secretary General, etc.,
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL
This is the Chief Coordinating Agency of the UN in the economic and social sectors between the
UN and the specialized institutions of the UN. It consists of 54 members, meets twice a year.

• ACTIVITIES OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

• To conduct studies and making recommendations on social, economic, educational, health and
related matters in the world with special focus on the least developed countries.
• To carry activities through nine functional commissions, five regional commissions and various
standing committees. The nine functional commissions were set up to focus on specific areas
like human rights, population and development, social development, status of women., etc.,
• The main purpose of these commissions are to assist in raising the level of economic activity in
their respective regions and to strengthen the economic relations of the States among
themselves and with others.
FIVE REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
OF
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
•COUNCIL
Economic Commission for Africa(ECA): It was established in 1958 with its
headquarter in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It has 53 member states.
• Economic Commission for Europe (ECE): It was formed in 1947 and has its
headquarter at Geneva, Switzerland. It consists 56 member states.
• Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC): It was
established in 1948 with its headquarter at Santiago, Chile. It has 44 member
states.
• Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP): It came into
existence in 1947 and has its headquarter in Bangkok, Thailand. It is made up of 53
member states.
• Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA): It was formed in
1973 with its headquarter at Beirut, Lebanon. It has 14 member states.
International Court of Justice
• The ICJ is Established in 1945 by the UN Charter. It is the main judicial organ of the
UNO. It is also commonly known as the World Court. ICJ has its headquarters at
Hague, the Netherland. It is composed of fifteen judges elected to six year terms
by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council.
• ACTIVITIES OF ICJ
• To adjudicate disputes referred to it by the members
• To give advisory opinion on matters referred to it by the UN Security Council or
Genera! Assembly.
• As stated in the UN Charter, all 192 member states of UN are parties to the
Court's statute. Non-UN members too can become parties to the Court's statute
under the Article 93(2) procedure.
UN SECRETARIAT
• The United Nations Secretariat is one of the six principal organs of the
UNO. It is headed by the UN Secretary General.
• ACTIVITIES OF UN SECRETARIAT
• It provides studies, information, and all facilities needed by United
Nations bodies for their respective meetings.
• It also carries out tasks as directed by the United Nations Security
Council, the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations
Economic and Social Council, and other U.N. bodies.
UN TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
• The United Nations Trusteeship Council is one of the six principal organs of
the U.N formed in 1945. It was established to ensure that non-self-governing
territories were governed in the best interests of the people living in there
and of international peace and security.
• Most of the trust territories were those former mandates of the League of
Nations or the territories taken from nations defeated at the end of the
World War II and which have now attained independence or self-
governments, either as separate countries or by joining their neighbouring
independent nations.
• The Trusteeship Council was suspended from operation on 1 November 1994
as its mission was fulfilled. Its future role and existence remains uncertain
SOME PEACE KEEPING
ACTIVITIES OF
THE UNO
• Name of the mission: UN mission for Ethiopia and Eritrea (UMEE)
Year of Establishment: 2002.Objective: To monitor ceasefire between Ethiopia and Eritrea
as pact of a deal signed by the two countries and end their border conflict.
• Name of the Mission: UN Mission in East Timor (UNMISET). Year of Establishment: 2002
Objective: To help East Timor, the newly formed independent country in taking overall
operational responsibilities
• Name of the Mission: UN operation in Burundi (ONUB).Year of Establishment: 2004
Objective: To assist in bringing national reconciliation and lasting peace among Burundians
as provided in Anusha Pact.
• Name of the Mission: UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Year of
Establishment: 2004
• Objective: To restore normalcy in Haiti
SOME PEACE KEEPING
ACTIVITIES OF
THE UNO CONT…
• Name of the Mission: UN Mission in the Sudan. Year of
Establishment: 2005
• Objective: To assist in implementing peace agreement between
Sudan government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement
MEMBER STATES CONTRIBUTION
TO
THE UN BUDGET
• United State of America: 25.00%
• Japan: 17.98%
• Germany: 9.63%
• France: 6.49%
• Italy: 5.39%
• U.K: 5.07%
• Russia: 2.87%
• Canada: 2.82%
• Spain: 2.57%
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