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MATRICES

The document provides an introduction to matrices, defining them as arrays of numbers and highlighting their advantages in simplifying complex equations and compatibility with computer systems. It covers properties of matrices, equality conditions, and the rules for addition and subtraction, emphasizing that only matrices of the same size can be operated on. Additionally, it outlines the commutative and associative laws applicable to matrix operations.

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palak.jeshrani7
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8 views

MATRICES

The document provides an introduction to matrices, defining them as arrays of numbers and highlighting their advantages in simplifying complex equations and compatibility with computer systems. It covers properties of matrices, equality conditions, and the rules for addition and subtraction, emphasizing that only matrices of the same size can be operated on. Additionally, it outlines the commutative and associative laws applicable to matrix operations.

Uploaded by

palak.jeshrani7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M AT R I C E S

P R A D N Y A A N D PA L A K
• Definition: A matrix is a set or group of
numbers arranged in a square or
rectangular array enclosed by two
brackets
• Matrix algebra has at least two
advantages:
• Reduces complicated systems of

INTRODUCTION equations to simple expressions


• Adaptable to systematic method of
mathematical treatment and well suited
to computers

 4 2  a b 
1  1    
  3 0  c d 
Properties
• A specified number of rows and a specified number of columns
• Two numbers (rows x columns) describe the dimensions or size
of the matrix.

Examples:
3x3 matrix  1 2 4
1 1 3  3
2x4 matrix
 4  1 5
  0 0 3 2  1  1
 3 3 3  
1x2 matrix
EQUALITY OF MATRICES
Two matrices are said to be equal
only when all corresponding
elements are equal
Therefore, their size or
Operations dimensions are equal as well

 1 0 0  1 0 0
A=  2 1 0 B =  2 1 0 A=B
   
 5 2 3  5 2 3
• The sum or difference of two
matrices, A and B of the same
size yields a matrix C of the
same size
• Matrices of different sizes
cannot be added or subtracted

cij aij  bij


ADDITION AND
SUBTRACTION
OF MATRICES
• Sums of matrices
• Operations of matrices
• If A = [aij] and B = [bij] are
Operations with m x n matrices, then A + B is
defined as a matrix
matrices (sum and • C = A + B, where
difference) • C= [cij], cij = aij + bij
• for 1 ≤ i ≤ m, 1 ≤ j ≤ n.
• Same for subtraction.
Addition and  1 2 4
subtraction of matrices  
 4  1 5 
• Two matrices of the same
order are said to be  3 3 3
conformable for addition
or subtraction.
• Two matrices of different
orders cannot be added or
 4 2
subtracted, e.g.,   3 0
• are NOT conformable for  
addition or subtraction.
Operations
• A+0=0+A=A
• A + (-A) = 0 (where –A is the matrix
composed of –aij as elements)

 6 4 2 1 2 0  5 2 2 
 3 2 7  1 0 8  2 2  1
     
• Commutative Law:
A+B=B+A

• Associative Law:

Operations A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C = A + B + C

 7 3  1  1 5 6  8 8 5
 2  5 6     4  2 3    2  7 9 
     

A B C
2x3 2x3 2x3
THANK
YOU

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