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Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India during the 1960s and 1970s significantly increased agricultural production through high-yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation. While it achieved self-sufficiency in food production, it also led to environmental issues and regional disparities, benefiting primarily northern states like Punjab and Haryana. Key figures like Norman Borlaug and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan played crucial roles in its success, advocating for sustainable practices and equitable access to resources.

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Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India during the 1960s and 1970s significantly increased agricultural production through high-yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation. While it achieved self-sufficiency in food production, it also led to environmental issues and regional disparities, benefiting primarily northern states like Punjab and Haryana. Key figures like Norman Borlaug and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan played crucial roles in its success, advocating for sustainable practices and equitable access to resources.

Uploaded by

harsha.sai.ravi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Green

project by: Nidhi.M


revolution in
India
introdu
• The Green Revolution refers to a significant
ction
increase in agricultural production in India
during the 1960s and 1970s.
• It focused on achieving self-sufficiency in
food production through technological
advancements.
• Major components included high-yielding
Historical
• Pre-1960s Challenges: Chronic
BackgroundConte
food shortages, famines, and
reliance on food imports
nt: leading to food
• Population growth
insecurity.
• Urgent need to modernize
agriculture
key
points
• HYV Seeds: Introduced high-yielding crops such as wheat
and rice, leading to increased production per hectare.
:
• Chemical Fertilizers & Pesticides: Boosted crop nutrition
and pest resistance.
• Irrigation Expansion: Focused on canal systems and tube
wells, reducing dependence on monsoons.
• Mechanization: Adoption of tractors, harvesters, and
other machinery for efficiency.
• Government Support: Policies like Minimum Support
geographic
• Initial regions were Punjab, Haryana, and Western
al focus
Uttar Pradesh, which had favorable infrastructure
and irrigation facilities.
Research and Development:
• Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) played a
key role.
• Collaboration with the International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI).
• Institutional Support: Organizations like ICAR
environmen
• Soil degradation due to overuse of chemical
tal issues
fertilizers.
• Water scarcity from excessive irrigation.
• Pollution from pesticides.
Social Concerns:
• Benefits concentrated in select regions,
leading to regional disparities.
• Marginalization of small and marginal
farmers.
other
• Balanced Growth:
factors:
• Importance of extending benefits to less
developed regions.
Sustainability:
• Need for environmentally friendly farming
practices.
• Reducing dependence on chemical inputs.
Inclusive Policies:
• Ensuring equitable access to resources for
what was done?
• Promoting organic farming and natural fertilizers.
• Adoption of modern technologies like precision
agriculture and AI-driven farm management.
• Improved water management practices, including
rainwater harvesting.
• Policy reforms to focus on sustainable and equitable
agricultural practices.
• Enhancing farmer education and training for technology
adoption.
~key figures in the
green revolution~
Norman
often referred to as the "Father of the Green Revolution," played a
Borlaug
pivotal role in transforming agriculture in India during the Green
Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. His contributions can be
summarized in the following key points:
• Development of High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of Wheat: Borlaug developed
high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties of wheat, such as the "Mexican
wheat," which were critical to improving food production. These varieties were
well-suited to India's climate and soil conditions.
• Introduction of Modern Agricultural Techniques: Borlaug's efforts involved the
introduction of modern farming techniques, including the use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides, and advanced irrigation systems. These practices helped
increase the productivity of crops substantially.
• Collaboration with Indian Scientists: Borlaug worked closely with Indian
• Food Security and Self-Sufficiency: India, facing
widespread famine and food shortages in the early 1960s,
became much more food-secure due to the Green
Revolution. The increased wheat production, facilitated by
Borlaug's innovations, helped India become largely self-
sufficient in wheat by the 1970s and reduced its reliance
on food imports.
• Impact on Indian Agriculture: Borlaug's work led to the
widespread adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and
modern farming practices across India, particularly in
states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. These
M.S
• Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, known as the "Father of the Indian Green Revolution,"
Swaminat
played an equally crucial role in the success of the Green Revolution in India.
While Norman Borlaug provided the high-yielding varieties of wheat, it was Dr.

han
Swaminathan who adapted and implemented these innovations to Indian
conditions, and his contributions were integral to India's agricultural
• Adoption of Borlaug's High-Yielding Varieties: Dr. Swaminathan worked
transformation.
closely with Norman Borlaug and his team to introduce Borlaug's high-
yielding wheat varieties in India. He recognized their potential to improve
wheat productivity in the country. His efforts led to the widespread
adoption of these varieties, particularly in states like Punjab and
Haryana, where conditions were favorable for their cultivation.
• Development of High-Yielding Rice Varieties: While Borlaug focused on
wheat, Swaminathan also contributed to the development of high-
• Institutional and Policy Support: Dr. Swaminathan was a key
advocate for policy reforms that would support agricultural
growth. He worked with the Indian government to create
institutions like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR) and the National Seeds Corporation, which played
• Focus on Sustainability: Swaminathan was not only concerned
significant roles in supporting research and the dissemination of
with increasing crop yields but also with the sustainability of the
new agricultural technologies.
Green Revolution. He emphasized the importance of conserving
soil health, water resources, and the environment while
promoting agricultural growth. This led him to advocate for eco-
friendly farming practices and the need for a balanced approach
to development.
• Pioneering Role in Extension Services: Dr. Swaminathan was
• Championing Food Security and Equity: Dr. Swaminathan was
deeply concerned about the social and economic aspects of
food production. He worked towards ensuring that the benefits
of the Green Revolution reached small and marginal farmers,
advocating for policies that promoted equitable distribution of
resources and opportunities.
• Global Advocacy for Food Security: Beyond India, Dr.
Swaminathan has been an international advocate for
sustainable agriculture and food security. He worked with
various international organizations, including the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO), to spread the message of food
security, agricultural sustainability, and rural development.
in conclusion......
• although it was a success, it proved more
prominent in the states like punjab, haryana and
other northern parts of india, rest of the nation was
left in the developing stage. thus this growth was
uneven
• In and not
conclusion, the entire
Green effectful inwas
Revolution many regions
a double-edged
sword: it greatly contributed to India’s agricultural and
economic growth but also highlighted the need for more
sustainable, inclusive, and environmentally conscious
farming practices. The lessons from the Green Revolution
Thank
You !

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