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Lecture 1 - Eng. Drawing -Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing (1)

The document outlines the fundamentals of engineering drawing and graphics, detailing the course structure and the instructor's credentials. It covers the importance of graphics language in visualization, communication, and documentation, as well as traditional drawing tools and standards. Additionally, it discusses drawing scales and symbols essential for creating precise engineering drawings.

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minahilirfan044
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5 views

Lecture 1 - Eng. Drawing -Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing (1)

The document outlines the fundamentals of engineering drawing and graphics, detailing the course structure and the instructor's credentials. It covers the importance of graphics language in visualization, communication, and documentation, as well as traditional drawing tools and standards. Additionally, it discusses drawing scales and symbols essential for creating precise engineering drawings.

Uploaded by

minahilirfan044
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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September 30, 2024

Lecture # 1

ENGINEERING DRAWING
& GRAPHICS

Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

Instructor:
Mr. Muhammad Azfar Jamal

Institute of
Space Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction
• Course Instructor: Muhammad Azfar Jamal
• Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology (Gold Medalist)
• Masters in Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology
• Gold Medalist in BS Program
• 4 International Journal Publications
• Lecturer and Academic Coordinator at DME
• Office:Room 6029, Ground Floor, HoD Secreteriat, Block 7
Contents

• Course outline
• Introduction to the Graphics Language
• Engineering Drawing
• Traditional Drawing tools
• Drawing Standards
• Drawing Scales
• Drawing Symbols
Introduction to the Graphics Language
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Why Graphics Language?
Units: mm
• Try to write a description of
this object.
• Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that;

The word languages are inadequate for describing the


size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Why Graphics Language?

Technical graphics is a real and complete language


used in the design process for:
Units: mm
• Visualization

• Communication

• Documentation
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Why Graphics Language?

Visualization
• Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that
are not there.
• Ability to visualize problem solutions and communicate
them through sketches is one of the most important skill
of a designer.
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Why Graphics Language?

Communication
• Refinement of your initial
sketches so that your design
solution can be communicated
to others without ambiguity.
• Further analysis (such as Finite
Element) could be performed to
understand the impacts and
consequences of real life
conditions.
• Usually done by creating a three
dimensional (3D) model
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Why Graphics Language?

Documentation
• Is a process to permanently
record that solution.

• 2D drawing follow strict


standard practices.

• These standards are the


language used to communicate
graphically.
https://www.simscale.com/blog/2017/12/nasa
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Introduction to the Graphics
Language

Graphic language in “engineering application” uses


lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.

• The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .


• A drawing can be done using freehand,
instruments or computer methods.
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Freehand drawing

The lines are sketched without using instruments other


than pencils and erasers.
• Single stroke letters
• General Proportions of letters
• No fix standards
• It should be such that it looks pleasant to
eyes
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Computer drawing

The drawings are usually made by commercial software


such as AutoCAD, Solid Works, Creo, CATIA etc.
Introduction to the Graphics
Language
Simple CAD/CAE/CAM Product Lifecycle

Design Analysis Manufacturing


CAD CAE CAM
Engineering drawing
Engineering drawing

Engineering drawing is an universal


language, known as the language of
engineers.
Engineering drawing
Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape.

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Engineering drawing
Elements of Engineering Drawing

Graphics Word
language language

Line Projection Geometric


types method construction Lettering
Traditional drawing tools
Traditional drawing tools
In order to create manual engineering
drawings, various instruments are
used.

Technical drawing board


Traditional drawing tools

T-Square
• T-Square is used for drawing
parallel horizontal lines and
also as a base for set
squares, for drawing vertical,
inclined or mutually parallel
lines.
• The stock of the T-square
moves over the working edge
of the drawing board.
• The working edge of the
blade should be perfectly
straight.
Traditional drawing tools

Set square

• A set square or triangle is an


object used in technical
drawing, with the aim of
providing a straight edge at a
particular point to a baseline.
• The most simple
form of set
square is a
triangular piece
of transparent
plastic.
Traditional drawing tools

Pencils

The hard leads are used for


Hard construction lines on technical
drawings.

Thin line The medium grades are used for


general use on technical drawings.
Medium The harder grades are for
instrument drawings and the softer
for sketching.
Thick line

Soft leads are used for technical


Soft sketching and artwork but are too
soft for instrument drawings.
Traditional drawing tools

Compass

The compass is used to draw


circles and arcs of varying
diameters.

Adhesive paper tape


Traditional drawing tools

French Curves

• French curves are used for


drawing curves which cannot be
drawn with a compass.

• The curves should be drawn


with a single stroke, so that no
corners are formed.

• They are used for drawing non-


circular curves on graphic charts
and for plotting motions and
forces on engineering graphs.
Drawing standards
Drawing standards

• Standards are set of rules that govern how technical


drawings are represented.

• Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey


the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Drawing standards

Standard Code
Country Code Full name

USA ANSI American National Standard Institute


Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

ISO International Standards Organization


Drawing standards
A4
Drawing Sheet
A3
• Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4. A2
• Standard sheet
size
A1
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 841 x 594
A0
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters)
Drawing standards
Orientation of drawing sheet

1. Type X (A0~A3) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c

Sheet size c (min) d (min)


A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 10 25
A0 20 25
SAMPLE OF DRAWING SHEET
Drawing standards

Title Block

All engineering drawings should feature a title block.

Institute of Space Technology


Drawing scales
Drawing scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.

Size in drawing Actual size

:
Drawing scales

Description of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”


followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow

SCALE 1:1 for full size


SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)

Dimension numbers shown in the drawing correspond


to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
Drawing symbols
Drawing symbols
Drawing symbols
Drawing symbols
Any Questions?

Institute of Department of
Space Technology Mechanical Engineering

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