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OS chap#2

The document outlines the essential services provided by operating systems, including user interfaces, program execution, and resource management. It discusses system calls as a means for programs to request services from the OS, categorizing them into six major types such as process control and file manipulation. Additionally, it covers system programs that facilitate program development and execution, including file management and communication utilities.

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Marium naeem
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1 views

OS chap#2

The document outlines the essential services provided by operating systems, including user interfaces, program execution, and resource management. It discusses system calls as a means for programs to request services from the OS, categorizing them into six major types such as process control and file manipulation. Additionally, it covers system programs that facilitate program development and execution, including file management and communication utilities.

Uploaded by

Marium naeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating

system

Chap#2
Objectives
• Operating-System Services
• User and Operating-System Interface
• System Calls
• System Programs
• An operating system provides an
environment for the execution of programs.
Operatin It provides certain services to programs and
g-System to the users of those programs. The specific
services provided, of course, differ from one
Services operating system to another, but we can
identify common classes.
Operating-System Services
Operating-System Services
• User interface.
• Program execution.
• I/O operations
• File-system manipulation.
• Communications
• Error detection.
• Resource allocation
• Accounting.
• Protection and security
User and Operating-
System Interface
There are several ways for users to interface with the operating system. Here, we discuss
two fundamental approaches.
• One provides a command-line interface, or command interpreter, that allows users to
directly enter commands to be performed by the operating system.
• The other allows users to interface with the operating system via a graphical user
interface.
System Calls

• Basically the system calls is an instruction that request the OS to perform the desired
operation that needs 'Hardware Access or other privileged operations.
• System calls provide an interface to the services made available by an operating
system.
• System calls is a programmatic way in a computer program requests a service from
the kernel of an operating system.
• These calls are generally available as routines written in C and C++,
Types of System Calls

System calls can be grouped roughly into six major categories:


• process control,
• file manipulation,
• device manipulation,
• information maintenance,
• communications, and protection
Process control
◦ end, abort
◦ load, execute
◦ create process, terminate process
◦ get process attributes, set process attributes
◦ wait for time
◦ wait event, signal event
◦ allocate and free memory
Cont...
File management
◦ create file, delete file
◦ open, close
◦ read, write, reposition
◦ get file attributes, set file attributes
Device management
◦ request device, release device
◦ read, write, reposition
◦ get device attributes, set device attributes
◦ logically attach or detach device
Cont...
Information maintenance
◦ get time or date, set time or date
◦ get system data, set system data
◦ get process, file, or device attributes
◦ set process, file, or device attributes
Communications
◦ create, delete communication connection
◦ send, receive messages
◦ transfer status information
◦ attach or detach remote devices
System Programs
Another aspect of a modern system is its collection of system programs.
System programs, also known as system utilities, provide a convenient environment for
program development and execution. They can be divided into these categories:
File management.
These programs create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and generally manipulate
files and directories
Cont..
• Status information
Some programs simply ask the system for the date, time, amount of available memory or
disk space, number of users, or similar status information.
• File modification
Several text editors may be available to create and modify the content of files stored on
disk or other storage devices.
Cont...
• Programming-language support
Compilers, assemblers, debuggers, and interpreters for common programming languages
(such as C, C++, Java, and PERL) are often provided with the operating system or available
as a separate download.
• Program loading and execution
Once a program is assembled or compiled, it must be loaded into memory to be executed.
The system may provide absolute loaders, relocatable loaders, linkage editors, and overlay
loaders. Debugging systems for either higher-level languages or machine language are
needed as well.
Cont...
• Communications
These programs provide the mechanism for creating virtual connections among processes,
users, and computer systems. They allow users to send messages to one another’s
screens, to browse Web pages, to send e-mail messages, to log in remotely, or to
transfer files from one machine to another.
• Background services
All general-purpose systems have methods for launching certain system-program processes
at boot time. Some of these processes terminate after completing their tasks, while others
continue to run until the system is halted. Constantly running system-program processes
are known as services, subsystems, or daemons.
Thank you

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