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Module 4_BJT.ppsx

The document discusses Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), including calculations for α and IC ratings based on given parameters. It also explains the differences between single-stage and multistage amplifiers, highlighting their designs, advantages, and applications. The choice between the two types of amplifiers is determined by the specific amplification needs of the application.

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5 views

Module 4_BJT.ppsx

The document discusses Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), including calculations for α and IC ratings based on given parameters. It also explains the differences between single-stage and multistage amplifiers, highlighting their designs, advantages, and applications. The choice between the two types of amplifiers is determined by the specific amplification needs of the application.

Uploaded by

gsaravana937
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bipolar Junction Transistor

Dr. Abhishek Kumar


Associate Professor
ECE Department
Presidency University, Bengaluru
Rearranging above equation we can write α=β/(β+1)
Q. In a transistor, IB = 68 μA, IE = 30 mA and β = 440. Determine the α rating of the
transistor. Then determine the value of IC using both the α rating and β rating of the
transistor.
Fig. 2.16 Operating Point
d.c. load line

Fig. 2.17 Output Characteristics along with the d.c. load line
Q. For the common base circuit shown in Fig. 3, determine I C and VCB . Assume the
transistor to be of silicon.

So,
Required current = 4.87 mA
Required voltage = 12.16 V
Q. Fig. 3 (i) shows that a silicon transistor with β = 100 is biased by base resistor
method. Draw the d.c. load line and determine the operating point. What is the stability
factor ?

Fig 3(i)
Here, VCC = 6 V, RB = 530 kΩ, RC = 2 kΩ

D.C. load line

Referring to Fig. 3 (i), VCE = VCC − ICRC Fig 3(ii)

When IC = 0, VCE = VCC = 6 V. This locates the first point B (OB = 6V) of the load line on collector-
emitter voltage axis as shown in Fig. 3 (ii).

When VCE = 0, IC = VCC/RC = 6V/2 kΩ = 3 mA.

This locates the second point A (OA = 3mA) of the load line on the collector current axis. By joining
points A and B, d.c. load line AB is constructed as shown in Fig. 3(ii).
Operating point Q

As it is a silicon transistor, therefore, VBE = 0.7V. Referring to Fig. 3(i), it is clear that :

Fig. 3 (ii) shows the operating point Q on the d.c. load line. Its co-ordinates are I C = 1mA and
VCE = 4V.
Single-stage and Multi-stage Amplifiers

Single-stage and multistage amplifiers are electronic circuits designed to increase the strength or amplitude of
an input signal. They are commonly used in various electronic devices to boost the strength of signals, such as
in audio systems, radios, and communication equipment. The primary difference between the two lies in the
number of amplifier stages they contain and the complexity of their design.
Single-stage Amplifiers
 A single-stage amplifier, as the name suggests, consists of only one amplification stage.
 It has a single transistor or amplifying component (e.g., operational amplifier) and a limited gain. The amplification
provided by a single stage may not be sufficient for many applications.
 Single-stage amplifiers are relatively simple in design and are used when a modest amount of amplification is required,
such as in microphone pre-amplifiers.

Advantages of Single-Stage Amplifiers:

Simplicity: They are straightforward to design and troubleshoot.

Low cost: They require fewer components and are less expensive.
Multistage Amplifier:
 A multistage amplifier consists of two or more amplification stages connected in series.
 Each stage amplifies the signal further, and the overall amplification is the product of the gains of all the stages.
 Multistage amplifiers are used when higher levels of amplification are needed to meet specific application requirements.
 They provide better performance, including increased gain, improved bandwidth, and better signal-to-noise ratios
compared to single-stage amplifiers.

Advantages of Multistage Amplifiers:

Higher Gain: They can provide higher levels of amplification, making them suitable for more demanding applications.

Improved Performance: Multistage amplifiers can achieve better overall performance, including wider frequency response and
lower distortion.

Signal Conditioning: In many cases, multistage amplifiers can be used to condition and shape signals for specific needs.

Flexibility: You can adjust the individual stages to meet different design criteria.

The choice between a single-stage and multistage amplifier depends on the specific requirements of the application.
Single-stage amplifiers are suitable for simple applications with minimal gain needs, while multistage amplifiers are
chosen when higher amplification and improved performance are essential.
Amplifiers that produce voltage, current, and/or power gain through the use of two or more
stages are called Multistage Amplifiers.

This amplifier using one or more single stage common emitter amplifier is also named as a cascaded amplifier
In a multistage amplifier, the output of first stage is combined to the next stage through a coupling
device. The process is known as cascading. The coupling device is used to (i) transfer the ac output
of one stage to the input of the next stage and (ii) block the dc to pass from one stage to the next
stage i.e. to isolate the dc conditions.

In amplifiers, cascading can also be done for getting an accurate input & output impedance for exact applications. Based on the
kind of amplifier used within separate stages, these amplifiers are classified into different types.

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