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Finding the Mean and the Variance of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

The document discusses the concepts of mean, variance, and standard deviation in the context of sampling distributions, providing examples and tasks for calculating these statistics. It also introduces the Central Limit Theorem and the t-distribution, highlighting their importance in making inferences about populations based on sample data. Additionally, it includes exercises related to probability calculations and the use of t-tables for determining t-values.

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Johaira Bantuas Moh'd nor
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

Finding the Mean and the Variance of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

The document discusses the concepts of mean, variance, and standard deviation in the context of sampling distributions, providing examples and tasks for calculating these statistics. It also introduces the Central Limit Theorem and the t-distribution, highlighting their importance in making inferences about populations based on sample data. Additionally, it includes exercises related to probability calculations and the use of t-tables for determining t-values.

Uploaded by

Johaira Bantuas Moh'd nor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finding the Mean

and the Variance


of the Sampling
Distribution of
the Sample
Means
Presented by: Johaira B. Moh’d nor
RECALL!!!
VARIANCE () and STANDARD
DEVIATION () of ungrouped data:

where,
= variance =standard deviation
X = score/value N= number of scores or values
RECALL!!!
MEAN () or the EXPECTED VALUE E(X)
where,
= mean
E(X) = expected value
X = value of the random variable
P(X) = probability value of the random
variable
RECALL!!!

VARIANCE () and STANDARD DEVIATION () of


probability distribution:

where,
= variance =standard deviation
X = score/value P(X)=probability value of the
= mean random variable
Examples:
1. The following table gives the sum of tutorial rate of six
teachers in Central Luzon per month. Suppose that random
samples of size 4 are taken from this population of six teachers,
do the following tasks.
TEACHER TUTORIAL RATE (in thousand pesos) X

A 8
B 12
C 16
D 20
E 24
F 28
Find:
1. Solve for the mean of the population
2. Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of
the sample means
3. Compare and .
4. Solve for the variance () and the standard
deviation () of the population.
5. Solve the variance () and the standard deviation
() of the sampling distribution of the sample means .
6. Compare and .
Examples:
2. A group of ABM students in Hermosa National High School planned to have an
online business as part of their Applied Subject, Entrepreneurship. Their shares
are P 2 000.00, P 3 000.00, ₽ 4 000.00, P 5 000.00, and P 6 000.00. A sample size
of 2 is to be taken from this population as part of their market analysis.

Complete the following tasks to help the ABM students in their market analysis.
(A) Solve for the mean of the population . (B) Solve for the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample means . C) Compare and . (D) Solve for the variance ()
and the standard deviation () of the population. (E) Solve the variance ()) and the
standard deviation () of the sampling distribution of the sample means (F)
Compare and .
Assignment:
Assignment:
Central
Limit
Theorem
Central Limit Theorem is
important because it teaches
researchers to use a limited
sample to make intelligent
and accurate conclusions
about a greater population.
Z=
where:
X = is the sample mean
= population mean
= population standard deviation
N = sample size
When do you use these
formulae?
Z= Z=
Examples:
1.Assume that the variable is normally distributed, the average time it takes a
group of senior high school students to complete a certain examination is 46.2
minutes while the standard deviation is 8 minutes. What is the probability that a
randomly selected senior high school students will complete the examination in
less than 43 minutes? Does it seem reasonable that a senior high school student
would finish the examination in less than 43 minutes?

a. If 50 randomly selected senior high school students take the examination,


what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the
test will be less than 43 minutes? Does it seem reasonable that the mean of the
50 senior high school students could be less than 43 minutes?
Examples:
2. An electrical company claims that the
average life of the bulbs it manufactures is
1,200 hours with a standard deviation of 250
hours. If a random sample of 100 bulbs is
chosen, what is the probability that the
sample mean will be between 1150 hours and
1250 hours?
Percentiles
and T-
Distribution
T-distribution is also called
(Student’s t-distribution )
is a family of distributions that look
almost identical to the normal
distribution curve, only a bit shorter
and stouter.
T-distribution is also called
(Student’s t-distribution )
The t-distribution is used instead of
the normal distribution when you
have small samples.
T-distribution is also called
(Student’s t-distribution )
In fact, for sample sizes larger than 20
(e.g. more degrees of freedom), the
distribution is almost exactly like the
normal distribution.
T-distribution
• Like the normal distribution, the t-
distribution has a smooth shape.
• Like the normal distribution, the t-
distribution is symmetric. If you think
about folding it in half at the mean,
each side will be the same.
T-distribution
• Like a standard normal distribution (or z-
distribution), the t-distribution has a mean
of zero.
• The normal distribution assumes that the
population standard deviation is known.
The t-distribution does not make this
assumption.
T-distribution
•The t-distribution is defined by the degrees of
freedom. These are related to the sample size.
•The t-distribution is most useful for small sample
sizes, when the population standard deviation is not
known, or both.
•As the sample size increases, the t-distribution
becomes more similar to a normal distribution.
Let us be familiar first with the following
words:
Degree of freedom
Refers to the maximum number of
logically independent values which vary in
the data sample.
Percentile
This is a measure of position with data
divided into 100 parts.
Below is the t-table which you can use to
find the t-value
Examples:

7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.


1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n =

and has 𝛼 = 0.01.


2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20

3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles


given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , N= 30
b. 90th percentile, N=20
Quiz!!!
ASSIGNMENT!!!
Thank You
F o r Yo u r A t t e n t i o n

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