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Lecture 3_site Plannig Process - Copy

The document outlines the site planning process, emphasizing the importance of problem definition, site analysis, and user analysis. It details various factors to consider during site analysis, including topography, existing infrastructure, soil types, vegetation, noise, water table, ecology, and climatic conditions. The document serves as a guide for site designers to make informed decisions regarding the development and management of a project site.

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augustinomhangawi690
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© © All Rights Reserved
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12 views

Lecture 3_site Plannig Process - Copy

The document outlines the site planning process, emphasizing the importance of problem definition, site analysis, and user analysis. It details various factors to consider during site analysis, including topography, existing infrastructure, soil types, vegetation, noise, water table, ecology, and climatic conditions. The document serves as a guide for site designers to make informed decisions regarding the development and management of a project site.

Uploaded by

augustinomhangawi690
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Problem
Problem Site
SiteAnalysis
Analysis Conceptualization
Conceptualization
Definition
Definition User Analysis
User Analysis and
and
Programming
Programming Schematic
SchematicDesign
Design

Occupation
Occupation Develop
DevelopDesign
Design
and
and and
and
Management
Management Detailed
DetailedCosting
Costing

Bidding Contract
Contract
Construction Bidding
Construction and Documents
Documents
and
Contracting
Contracting
1.Problem Definition/Defining a Problem
Defining the problem means making a whole cluster of
decisions relating to the following questions:
•What should be done?
•Who will decide what the form is to be in what location will it
be located?
•For Whom income group/functions/is the place being made?
•What resources can be used?
•What type of solutions is expected?

However, this first step of problem determination is determined


by the client before the site designer is brought in.
2.SITE ANALYSIS AND USER ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS: Enquiry/Investigation
of the site
to see the characteristics of various site
elements/components
• ITS POTENTIALS
• LIMITATIONS
• WHERE TO PUT WHAT
• WHAT TO BE CONSIDERED
• CONSTRAINT AREAS (Not easy for construction)
• NON-CONSTRAINTS AREAS (Easy for construction
MEANING OF SITE:
Simply a project area. It is an identified area
with defined boundaries of which a project
proposal is to be made aimed at its
realization.
PROJECT
GENERAL PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
•1000People
•House type requirements
DESIGN PARAMETERS •Support facilities
•Infrastructures
•e.t.c

SITE ANALYSIS

Easy for construction Difficult for construction

NON CONSTRAINT AREAS CONSTRAINT AREAS


DESIGN AREA • Landforms/ Topography-steep
(Where to put what with reasons) • Valley
• Swamps/ditches
• Reserved areas eg. forest, reserved rd
• Others(Court order)

CONCEPTUAL PROPOSAL
BASE MAP :A map to be referred too in order to get
information of the site with additional information
added to update its status to the present situation. It
is important for comparison or correlation of site
elements. Design is made after the base map is
UPDATED
BASE MAP ACQUISITION
• PROCURE THE MAP
• IDENTIFY THE SITE BOUNDARIES
• ENLARGE THE SITE TO THE REQUIRED SCALE
• PREPARE AS MANY COPIES AS POSSIBLE READY FOR SITE
ELEMENTS FOR SITE ANALYSIS
1. TOPOGRAPHY/ LANDFORM
2. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES/ SERVICES
3. ADJACENT DEVELOPMENTS
4. SOIL TYPES
5. VEGETATION
6. NOISE
7. VIEWS/ VISTA
8. WATER TABLE
9. ECOLOGY
10. CLIMATIC ANALYSIS (Different zones)
a. Temperature
b. Rainfall
c. Humidity
d. Wind
e. Solar radiation
f. Sun path
1. TOPOGRAPHY/ LANDFORM (Contour lines)
•Steep slopes
•Gently slopes
•Valleys Their meaning in DESIGN
•Ditches/ Swamps

-Closely contours
a. Gradient of paths -Sparsely contours
b. Flow of utilities -V-shaped contours
-Vertical Interval (V.E)
a. Water supply -Horizontal distance
b. Storm water drainage -Slope/ Gradient (Percentage, Ratio, degree)
-Along the contours
c. Liquid waste systems -Section lines,
c. Disposition of buildings (Perpendicular to contour lines)
1- 4% gradient is flat: It is suitable for all kinds of
development.
4- 10% gradient is moderate: It is suitable for all
kinds of development.
>10% gradient is high: It is more expensive to
erect buildings because of complicated
foundations and difficulty in utilities connections.
1% < gradient: It do not drain well, sewerage and
surface drainage are difficult.
1- 10% gradient is good for roads.
17% gradient is a limit for an ordinary loaded vehicle to
climb.
20- 25% gradient is a limit for pedestrians to climb
without resorting to stairs

But roads and walkway grades can be manipulated by


cut and fill and by drawing them across or parallel to the
slope of the ground.
2. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES/ SERVICES/
STRUCTURES/ BUILDINGS
•Roads
•Footpaths
•Buildings In good conditions
•Water supply In favour of the project
•Liquid waste systems

Proposal with optimum utilization of the existing


situation is the best solution
• Minimize cost of demolition and compensation
• Upgrade the infrastructures hence less cost of construction
The SITE
3. ADJACENT DEVELOPMENTS/
NEIGHBOURING CONDITIONS
Anything which can contribute/ affect the site from the
adjacent developments should be considered. e.g
• Tap in the major road to the project area
• Nearby community facilities/ services from
adjacent neighborhood can affect the design
The design should be in harmony with the surrounding
environment or settlements (work as entity/ fabric)
The SITE
4. SOIL
Important for construction and vegetation. Different
types act differently in construction.
General Types: Gravel, Sand, Clay, and Silt/Loam
Identification methods: scientific and non-scientific
Non-scientific method: Read on their particle sizes,
colours, and their properties when mixed with water.
Soil identification methods (non-scientific)
1. Differentiating soil sizes with naked eyes
2. Mixing with water and identify the particle sizes
3. Dry strength tests- trying to break with fingers
4. Thread test
•Their behaviour in construction e.g. Clay expands
when wet and is subject to slippage. It is poor for
foundation and unless it can be kept dry, it is also
poor for landscaping and unsuitable for sewage
drain fields or other types of drainage.
•Peat soil and other organic material are excellent
for landscaping but unsuitable for building
foundations or road bases. Usually these soils must
be removed from the site and replaced with sand
and gravels for foundations and roads.
Other uses: Gardening, For flowers and agriculture
Be required to prepare a
soil map of the site
5. VEGETATION/ PLANT COVER
•Go in hand with soil type
•Scattered with mixed types at meeting points
•Important for;
• Shades
• Regulating the micro-climate
• Aesthetics
• Others for fruits
• Also as a landmark
• Preventing soil erosion etc.
•Decide on which one to be retained and others to be
uprooted as planting the new one will take some years
to grow. Those with roots dangerous for construction
should be removed.
6. NOISE
•The source of noise
•How to tackle the problem
• Leeward side
• Planting trees to diffuse noise etc..

7. SITE VIEWS
In most cases is the highest point of the site observing
somewhere.
8. WATER TABLE
•High or fluctuating water table levels can cause
foundation problems as well as floods.
•Very complicated and special types of constructions
should be applied in these cases. Otherwise the area
will be very vulnerable to floods and water borne
diseases hence become not good for human
settlements.
9. ECOLOGY
•The project should not affect other living species but
rather create environment of them living in equilibrium
10. CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
Different in different climatic
zones
a. Temperature
b. Rainfall
c. Humidity
d. Wind
e. Solar radiation
f. Sun path
NB: Inorder to understand a locality/site it demands time and
efforts.
To a site planner, analysis of the site begins with:
•Personal reconnaissance, this permits a grasp of essential
character of a place and allow a planner to be familiar with its
features.
•Systematic data collection of some information such as
topographic base maps is required. Some data are best gathered
earlier and some later.

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