CONCRE

TE
Presented by, Apurva Chorghe, Chitra Verma, Himanshi
Mehta
 CONCRETE

• Concrete is a durable construction material made from cement, water

and aggregates like sand or gravel.
• It hardens over time, providing strength for buildings, roads and various
structures
WEAKNESS OF
CONCRETE
Low Tensile Strength
Concrete exhibits significantly lower tensile strength compared to its compressive
strength, typically around 10% of the latter.
.Quasi-Brittle Nature
Concrete is classified as a quasi-brittle material, meaning it undergoes minimal
deformation before failure.
.Low Toughness
The toughness of concrete, which measures its ability to absorb energy during
impact, is considerably lower than that of materials like steel.
.Requirement for Reinforcement
Due to its weaknesses, concrete often requires reinforcement, such as steel rebar,
to improve its tensile strength and overall structural integrity.
.Long Curing Time
Concrete typically requires a curing period of 28 days to achieve its full
compressive strength.
.Formwork Dependency
Fresh concrete needs formwork to maintain its shape during the curing process.
.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OVER
Environmental Impact
• Carbon Emissions: Concrete production is responsible for approximately 8% of
USE OF CONCRETE
global carbon dioxide emissions, primarily due to the cement manufacturing
process.

• Water Consumption: The concrete industry accounts for nearly 10% of global
industrial water use.
Health Concerns
• Air Pollution: Dust generated from concrete demolition and construction
activities can be a major source of air pollution.
• Toxic Additives: Some additives used in concrete mixtures can be toxic or
harmful to human health, raising concerns about long-term exposure for
workers and residents near construction sites
Economic and Social Implications
• Resource Depletion: Over-reliance on concrete can lead to the depletion of
natural resources such as sand and gravel, which are essential for concrete
production..
• Infrastructure Longevity: While concrete is durable, its overuse without proper
planning and maintenance can lead to premature deterioration of structures
 SELECTI
ON
FUNCTIONALITY, AVAILABILITY, SIGNIFICANCE, CHARACTERISTICS
 SELECTION
SIGNIFICANCE
Political Significance
• Infrastructure Development: Concrete is central to building public
infrastructure, influencing urban planning and governmental policies.
Cultural Significance
• Architectural Identity: Concrete has shaped modern architecture,
symbolizing progress and innovation. It’s often used in public
buildings, monuments, and housing, influencing community identity.
Historical Significance
• Evolution of Construction: The development of concrete from ancient
Roman use to modern formulations marks a significant evolution in
building practices.
 SELECTION
SIGNIFICANCE

Geological Significance
• Resource Extraction: The production of concrete relies on
natural resources like limestone, clay, and sand, impacting
local geology and ecosystems.
Economic Significance
• Industry Impact: Concrete is a cornerstone of the construction
industry, providing jobs and driving economic growth.
 SELECTION
FUNCTIONALITY

• Structural Integrity: Concrete is known for its compressive

strength, making it ideal for foundations, walls, and pavements.
• Durability: It can withstand harsh weather conditions, chemicals,
and abrasion, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor
applications.
• Fire Resistance: Concrete is non-combustible and can withstand
high temperatures, adding safety to structures.
• Sound Insulation: Its density helps in reducing noise transmission,
making it good for residential and commercial buildings.
 SELECTION
AVAILABILITY

• Global Reach: Concrete is widely available

• Local Production: Many construction sites have ready-mix concrete

suppliers.

• Standardization: Various types of concrete mixes are readily

accessible to meet specific construction needs.
 SELECTION
CHARACTERISTI
CS
DURABILITY
Weather Resistance: Concrete can withstand
extreme weather conditions.

Chemical Resistance: It resists various chemicals,

making it suitable for various environments.

Low Maintenance: Once cured, concrete requires

minimal upkeep, contributing to its long lifespan.
 SELECTION
CHARACTERISTI
CS
STRENGTH
Compressive Strength: Concrete excels in bearing heavy
loads, which makes it ideal for different structural
applications.
Tensile Weakness: While concrete is strong under
compression, it is weaker under tension.
Load-Bearing Capacity: Properly designed and cured
concrete can support significant weight, making it essential
for various construction projects.
 SELECTION
CHARACTERISTI
CS
AESTHETICS
Versatility in Design: Concrete can be molded into a wide
range of shapes and forms.
Finish Options: It can be treated with various finishes,
such as polishing, staining, or painting.
Color and Texture: Concrete can be colored and textured
to enhance its visual appeal, making it suitable for
decorative elements.
APPLICATION
FORM ANDS
STRUCTURE
 APPLICATIONS:
Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF):

FORM
Application: Used for constructing energy-efficient walls in residential and commercial
buildings.
Benefits: High energy efficiency, reduced heating and cooling costs, and improved sound
insulation.

Wooden Forms:
Application: Commonly used for small-scale projects such as sidewalks, driveways, and
patios.
Benefits: Cost-effective for low-height structures and easy to assemble and disassemble.

Steel Forms:
Application: Ideal for large-scale projects like high-rise buildings and bridges due to their
strength and durability.
Benefits: Reusable for many cycles, providing consistency in shape and finish, and less
prone to warping compared to wood.4.

Foam Concrete Forms:

Application: Used for casting large area walls, foundations, and piers.
Benefits: Efficient for large projects and provide good insulation properties.
 APPLICATIONS:
FORM
Tunnel Formwork:
Application: Commonly used in residential apartments and hotels where repetitive
structural elements are needed.
Benefits: Reduces labor costs and construction time while ensuring consistent quality.

Stay-in-Place Formwork:
Application: Used in piers and columns where the formwork remains after the concrete has
cured, acting as reinforcement.
Benefits: Provides additional structural support without requiring removal after curing.

Concrete Wall Forms:

Application: Specifically designed for vertical structures like walls, these forms come in
various sizes and shapes to accommodate different designs.
Benefits: Customizable to project specifications and can be reused multiple times.

Decorative Forms:
Application: Used to create aesthetically pleasing surfaces for patios, walkways, and other
architectural features.
Benefits: Enhances the visual appeal of concrete surfaces while maintaining structural
integrity.
APPLICATIONS:
FORM
 APPLICATIONS:
Residential Buildings:
STRUCTURE
• Concrete is extensively used in the construction of foundations, walls, floors, and roofs
for both single-family homes and high-rise apartments.
• Its strength provides stability and protection against natural forces like earthquakes
and soil movement.
Commercial Buildings:
• In commercial construction, concrete is favored for its cost-effectiveness and low
maintenance requirements.
• It is commonly used for structural elements such as columns, beams, and floor slabs,
contributing to energy efficiency by controlling heat transfer.
Infrastructure:
• Roads and Pavements: Concrete is preferred for constructing roads and driveways due
to its durability and long service life compared to asphalt.
• It provides a strong surface that requires less maintenance.

Bridges:
• Reinforced concrete is widely used in bridge construction because of its strength,
durability, and ability to withstand dynamic loads and harsh environmental conditions.
 APPLICATIONS:
Dams:
STRUCTURE
• The high strength-to-weight ratio of concrete makes it ideal for constructing
dams, which must endure intense water pressure while storing water or
generating electricity.
Marine Structures:
• Concrete is extensively used in marine applications such as seawalls, jetties,
breakwaters, and docks. Its resistance to seawater corrosion ensures
longevity in harsh marine environments.
Culverts and Sewers:
• Strong and durable, concrete is the material of choice for constructing
culverts, sewers, and other underground structures that require reliable
performance under heavy loads.
Foundations:
• Concrete foundations provide a stable base for buildings of all sizes.
Reinforced concrete is commonly used due to its high load-carrying capacity.
APPLICATIONS:
STRUCTURE