Starter

1) Solve these quadratic equations however you want to…

2 2
𝑥 =12 𝑥 −32 Subtract 12x 2 𝑥 −6 𝑥 +3=0
and add 32 a= b=- c=3
2
𝑥 −12 𝑥+ 32=0 2 6 2
Factorise −𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
( 𝑥 − 8 ) ( 𝑥 − 4 ) =0 2𝑎 Sub in
Either bracket values
could be 0 6 ± √ (− 6)2 −( 4 × 2× 3)
𝑥=8 𝑜𝑟 4 𝑥=
2(2)
Calculat
e
𝑥=2.37 𝑜𝑟 0.63
2) What is the discriminant and what does it tell us?
If greater than 0, equation has 2 roots
2
𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 If equal to 0, equation has one root

If less than 0, equation has no roots

Notices/Reminders:

• Sparx HW due Wednesday

• Crit B Formative (Quadratics) on

Wednesday Week 3

• Crit B Summative (Quadratics) on

Monday Week 4
Statement of Inquiry:
Exploring quadratic functions within the context of identities and
relationships
illuminates the intricate connections and patterns they model, emphasizing
the key
Approaches to
concept of relationships and the related concept of models and
learning:
representation.
Thinking
Communication - Critical thinking: Use
Collaborate with peers models and simulations to
and share ideas explore complex systems
and issues
Key Concept: Related Concepts:
Relationships Models, Representation

Global Context:
Identities and Relationships
 Completing the Square

Learning Objective:
We are learning to solve quadratics

L4 L5-6 L7+
(surface) (deep) (transfer)
Success criteria:
I can rewrite a I can solve I can explain how
quadratic in the quadratics by completing the
form . completing the square relates to
square. the vertex form of
a quadratic
function.
Completing the Square
 Completing the Square
• You have seen 2 methods for solving
quadratic equations so far

• One is by setting equal to 0, and then

factorising. The other is by use of the
quadratic formula.

• Today you will learn a third method which

can be used, known as ‘Completing the
Square’
 Completing the Square
Simplify the expressions below. What do you notice in each
case?
( 𝑥 −3 )2 − 9 A squared bracket
( 𝑥+ 5 )2 − 25
A squared bracket
means the same
means the same
bracket twice
¿ ( 𝑥 −3)( 𝑥 − 3) −9 ¿ ( 𝑥+5)( 𝑥 +5) −25 bracket twice

Expand the
Expand the
brackets
brackets
2 2
¿ 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 −3 𝑥+ 9 −9 ¿ 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 +5 𝑥+ 25 −25
Simplify Simplify

2 2
¿ 𝑥 −6𝑥 ¿ 𝑥 + 10 𝑥

 The top expression is equivalent to the bottom one in both cases, but with the x in only one
place. This is really helpful when solving equations!

 Do you notice any links between the numbers?

 Completing the Square
2
Essentially, Completing the 𝑥 −4 𝑥 Write using a
Square is a method for solving Half squared
quadratic equations by writing bracket
part of the equation in a ¿ ( 𝑥 − 2 )2−( 4)
different way
Square

 The idea is that instead of

having the two ‘x’ terms with
different powers (which 2
therefore can’t be grouped 𝑥 +12 𝑥 Write using a
together), you can write an Half squared
bracket
expression with a single ‘x’
term instead! ¿ ( 𝑥+ 6 ) 2−(36)
Square
 This does take some practice!
In both cases, the first and second
expressions are equal!
Completing the Square
2
Your turn: 𝑥 +8 𝑥 Write using a
Half squared
bracket
2
¿ ( 𝑥+ 4 ) −(16)
Square

2
𝑥 −2 𝑥 Write using a
Half squared
bracket
¿ ( 𝑥 −1 )2− (1)
Square

In both cases, the first and second

expressions are equal!
 Completing the Square
For the ‘completing the 2
2 𝑥 +16 𝑥
square’ pattern to work, Take out 2 as a
factor
the first value needs to ¿ 2 ( 𝑥 2 +8 𝑥 )
Complete the
be a single ‘x2’ Half square for the
inner part
¿ 2 ( ( 𝑥 + 4 )2 −(16) )
 If it isn’t, you need to Multiply both
of the inner
Square
take out a factor to parts by the 2
¿ 2 ( 𝑥+ 4 )2 − 32
change it

 This will then affect

the answer slightly!
Completing the Square
Your turn: 2
3 𝑥 −18 𝑥
Take out 3 as a
factor
¿ 3 ( 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 )
Complete the
Half square for the
inner part
¿ 3 ( ( 𝑥 −3 )2 −(9) )
Multiply both
of the inner
Square
parts by the 3
2
¿ 3 ( 𝑥 − 3 ) −27
Completing the Square
Your turn: 2
2 𝑥 −14 𝑥
Take out 2 as a
factor
¿ 2 ( 𝑥2− 7 𝑥 )
Complete the
Half square for the
inner part

(( ) ( ))
2
7 49
¿2 𝑥 − −
2 4
Multiply both
Square of the inner

( )
2
7 98 parts by the 2
¿2 𝑥− −
2 4
Simplify the
fraction if

( )
2
7 49 possible
¿2 𝑥− −
2 2
 Completing the Square
You might also have 2
𝑥 +12 𝑥 − 3 Complete the
other numbers involved square for the
first 2 terms
which will affect your
2
−3
¿ ( 𝑥+ 6 ) −(36)
answer… Simplify
¿ ( 𝑥+ 6 ) 2 −39
 In this case, ‘Complete
You should check your
the Square’ for the first answer!
2 terms ( 𝑥+ 6 )2 −39 Square the
bracket
2
− 39
¿ 𝑥 + 6 𝑥+ 6 𝑥 +36
 Then consider how to Collect like
terms
2
simplify the final ¿ 𝑥 + 12 𝑥 − 3
answer…
 Completing the Square
2
Solve the equation to the 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 3=0 Complete the square
right, giving your answers to Half
for the first 2 terms
2 decimal places: −3
)2 4)
( 𝑥+ 2−( ¿0
Collect like
Square terms
 ‘Complete the Square’ for ( 𝑥+ 2 )2 − ¿
7 0
the x2 and x terms Add 7 to
both sides
( 𝑥+ 2 )2=7 Square root
 Then solve the equation
both sides
as you would a Linear 𝑥+ 2=± √ 7 Subtract 2 from
one (by getting the x both sides
term on one side and the 𝑥=−2 ± √ 7
numbers on the other…)
Finally, you can calculate the
answers!
¿ 0.65 𝑜𝑟 − 4.65
Completing the Square
2
Your turn: 𝑥 −6 𝑥 + 4=0 Complete the square
Half
for the first 2 terms
)2 + 4
( 𝑥 − 3−(9) ¿0
Collect like
Square terms
( 𝑥 −3 )2 − ¿
5 0
Add 5 to
both sides
( 𝑥 − 3 )2=5 Square root
both sides
𝑥 −3=± √ 5 Add 3 to both
sides
𝑥=3 ± √ 5
Finally, you can calculate the
answers!
¿ 5.24 𝑜𝑟 0.76
 Q1: Q2: Solve by
Complete the completing the
Not yet? square square

GREEN

WHITE

RED
 Not yet?

GREEN

WHITE

RED
 Completing the Square

Learning Objective:
We are learning to solve quadratics

L4 L5-6 L7+
(surface) (deep) (transfer)
Tasks:
GREEN worksheet White slides Work through
GREEN answers this video and
exercise from Khan
Academy
Solve by completing the square:

1) 𝑥 2+4 𝑥 − 3=0 1) 𝑥 2+12 𝑥 −11=0 1) 𝑥 2+7 𝑥 +4=0

2
( 𝑥+ 2) − 4 − 3=0

2) 𝑥 2+6 𝑥 −1=0 2) 𝑥 2 −10 𝑥+20=0 2) 2 𝑥 2+6 𝑥 − 7=0

3) 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 − 1=0 3) 𝑥 2+3 𝑥 − 8=0 3) 3 𝑥 2 −12 𝑥+8=0

4) 𝑥 2 −8 𝑥 +5=0 4) 𝑥 2 −5 𝑥 −1=0 4) 2 𝑥 2+7 𝑥 − 5=0

1) 𝑥 2+4 𝑥 − 3=0 1) 𝑥 2+12 𝑥 −11=0 1) 𝑥 2+7 𝑥 +4=0
2 2
( 𝑥+ 2) − 4 − 3=0 ( 𝑥+ 6) − 36 −11=0
, , ,

2) 𝑥 2+6 𝑥 −1=0 2) 𝑥 2 −10 𝑥+20=0 2) 2 𝑥 2+6 𝑥 − 7=0

2 2
( 𝑥+ 3) − 9 −1=0 ( 𝑥 −5) −25 +20=0
, , ,

3) 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 − 1=0 3) 𝑥 2+3 𝑥 − 8=0 3) 3 𝑥 2 −12 𝑥+8=0

2
( 𝑥 − 3) − 9 −1=0
, , ,

4) 𝑥 2 −8 𝑥 +5=0 4) 𝑥 2 −5 𝑥 −1=0 4) 2 𝑥 2+7 𝑥 − 5=0

2
( 𝑥 − 4) −16 +5=0
, , ,
 Plenary
“But why is it called Completing the
Square?”
 Plenary
“But why is it called Completing the
x 4 Square?” x 2 4

x x2 4x x x2 2x

The total area of the 2 2x 4

rectangle above is:
Imagine we change the rectangle to a
x(x + 4)
square, and replace the 4 with a 2 (and
introduce a separate 2 down the side)
= x2 + 4x
The total area of the square will be:
To keep the area the same, we need
to subtract the extra ‘+4’ that we (x + 2)2
have
= x2 + 4x + 4
So therefore:

x2 + 4x = (x + 2)2 - 4
Which IB learner profile
attribute did you use in
today's lesson?