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Hunger&Itsnuralmechanism

The document presents a detailed exploration of hunger and its neural mechanisms, emphasizing the physiological processes involved in hunger and satiety. It discusses various theories related to hunger, including the set point assumption, glucostatic and lipostatic theories, and the role of pancreatic hormones. The conclusion highlights that hunger is a behavior regulated by the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, influenced by multiple factors including physiological signals and energy storage mechanisms.

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Nitin Goyal
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3 views

Hunger&Itsnuralmechanism

The document presents a detailed exploration of hunger and its neural mechanisms, emphasizing the physiological processes involved in hunger and satiety. It discusses various theories related to hunger, including the set point assumption, glucostatic and lipostatic theories, and the role of pancreatic hormones. The conclusion highlights that hunger is a behavior regulated by the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, influenced by multiple factors including physiological signals and energy storage mechanisms.

Uploaded by

Nitin Goyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• PRESENTED TO MR PURSHOTTAM

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Presented by Mukesh
Roll No 20230652
MA Psychology(2nd semester)
CRSU JIND
HUNGER AND ITS NEURAL MECHANISMR
Date:07.05.2024
INTODUCTION
• HUNGER- Eating is a behavior and everyone
enjoys eating even on the cost of personal and
even health problems
• Most eating related health problems are
associated with eating too much and not too
less
• Actually ,Hunger is the intuition associated
with lack of energy in the body
Hunger
• The primary purpose of hunger is to increase
the probability of eating and the primary
purpose of eating is to supply the body energy
it needs to survive and to function.
• Why we feel hungry-
• There are few theories associated with the
hunger which narrate the causes of hunger we
feel or we are tuned to eat something
Set point assumption
• As per this theory three components govern
the mechanism
• 1 Set point mechanism defines the levels at
which one feels hungry or satiated
• 2 the detector mechanism detects the
deviations from the set point
• 3 the effecter mechanism acts to eliminate the
deviations
• All set points are negative feed back systems
Glucostatic,lipostatic,+incentive
• Glucostatic deals with glucose set point ie if
glucose level in blood decreases significantly
we feel hunger and if it is back to set point
level we feel satiated
• Lipostatic deals with the body fat ie if the level
of body fat is low we feel hungry and if returns
to the level of set point we are satiated
• Positive incentive belief is that we eat as we
are driven by anticipated pleasure and not
only by energy deficit
mechanism
• Two processes are involved in the mechanism
• 1 digestion2 energy storage
• 1 gastro intestinal process which breaks food
into different absorbable components like fats
into lipids, proteins into amino acids and
carbohydrates into glycogen
• The absorbed food in this form provides the
desired energy to the body in three phases
Three phases
• 1 cephalic phase- begins with sight, smell or
even the thought of food and end when food
starts to be absorbed into blood stream
• 2 absorptive phase- here the energy absorbed
into blood stream meets immediate
requirement of the body
• 3 fasting phase- the un stored energy is used
thereafter and for further needs withdrawal
from reserves is taken to fulfill the need.
Pancreatic hormones
insulin and glucagon
• All the flow during different phases is controlled
by two pancreatic hormones
• 1Insulin-it is released during cephalic and
absorptive phases in excess as compared to
glucagon and promotes use of glucose as
primary source of energy
• Also promotes conversion of excess glucose to
glycogen and fat, storage of glycogen in liver,
amino acids to proteins and fat in adipose tissue
Pancreatic hormones
insulin and glucagon
• Inhibits conversion of glycogen, fat and proteins into
directly usable fuels like glucose, free fatty acids and
ketones
• 2 Glucagon- it is released on high level as compared to
insulin during fasting phase and promotes conversion
of fat to free fatty acids, glycogen to glucose, free fatty
acids to ketones, proteins to glucose for use of energy
• Inhibits utilization of glucose by body cells but not by
brain, conversion of glucose to glycogen, fat & amino
acids to proteins, storage of fat etc
Energy storage
• Energy is stored in body in three forms ie fat,
glycogen and proteins
• Most of energy is stored in fats (in adipose), less in
proteins (in muscles) and glycogen(in muscle and
liver)
• Fats 85%, proteins 14.5% and glycogen 0.5%
• Storage of energy in the form of fat reduces overall
body weight as one gram of fat stores twice the
energy as compared to one gram of glycogen(it
holds substantial quantity of water)
Factors influencing what we eat
and when we eat
• Certain tastes have high and positive value as per
liking of humans like sweet, salty, sour etc
• Some food items may have no taste or bitter taste
which humans may like least and avoid
• Eating time –is found to be on the availability of
food if meal is small and may be at regular intervals
if the meal is large
• Some appetizers may also influence the time of
consuming food, thus not depending only on
energy deficit conditions
Physiological process of hunger
• Few researches explain the physiology of hunger
and satiety at different times
• 1 hypothalamic hunger and satiety centre has been
found by applying bilateral electrolytic lesions on
ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH) and lateral
hypothalamus(LH) in rats.
• Leisons on VMH produced hyperphagia (excessive
eating means no control on satiety) and on VH
produced aphagia(complete cessation of eating
means no feel of hunger)
Role of gastrointestinal tract
and peptides
• Another research developed the theory that
contraction of stomach muscles get the feeling
of hunger in humans and its distention is the
reason of satiety
• In one more research it was discovered that
gastrointestinal tract release some chemical
signals to brain, and chemicals are peptides
• By one experiment when cholecystokinin (CCK)
was injected in gut of rats, they ate smaller meals
conclusion
• On the basis of different studies it may be
concluded that hunger is a behavior of eating
got done by our brain through control of
hypothalamus and the studies also suggest
different reasons of feeling hungry and
satiated.
• References- Pinel J, Barnes S,(2018),
Biopsychology(tenth edition), Noida (Uttar
Pardesh), Pearson
Physiological Psychology

THANK YOU
by
MUKESH
ROLL NO 20230652
MA PSYCHOLOGY(2ND SEMESTER)
CRSU JIND(HARYANA)-126102

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