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Basic_Agric_Genetics_(CHE)

The document outlines key concepts in agricultural genetics, including terminology, inheritance patterns, and breeding systems. It covers monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, qualitative vs quantitative traits, and the principles of selection and breeding methods. Additionally, it discusses genetic modification, its advantages, and associated risks.

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iviwenkuhlu56
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7 views

Basic_Agric_Genetics_(CHE)

The document outlines key concepts in agricultural genetics, including terminology, inheritance patterns, and breeding systems. It covers monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, qualitative vs quantitative traits, and the principles of selection and breeding methods. Additionally, it discusses genetic modification, its advantages, and associated risks.

Uploaded by

iviwenkuhlu56
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Agricultural

Genetics
CHE: 21/04/2022

CHITSA. G
P2(50 marks)
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

SECTION MARKS
A 15 MARKS
1.1. 4 marks
1.2. 2 marks
1.3. 6 marks
1.4. 3marks
B Question 4 35 MARKS
Genetic concepts

• Key genetic concepts/terminology


genetics, heredity, genes, alleles, multiple
alleles , homozygous, heterozygous
• Distinction between the following:
genotype and phenotype, dominant and
recessive genes
Monohybrid inheritance
*Use the Punnet square, *Schematic diagrams
* pedigree diagrams to solve genetic problems.

• Populated Punnet square 


• Correct gametes for Parent 1 
• Correct gametes for Parent 2 
Dihybrid Cross : Two trait
cross

• Identifying phenotypes and genotypes


• Filing in genotypes in the punnet square
• Phenotypic Ratio
• Mendel's law of independent assortment

01/29/2025 5
Qualitative vs Quantitative
characteristics

Qualitative :
Traits have distinct differences in phenotype, such as
color, horns, Comb shape etc. Usually not influenced by
the environment.
• Linked to discontinues variation
Quantitative :
Controlled by many pairs of genes (Polygenes) , acting
additively. E.g Height, Milk yield
• There is continuous variation in phenotypes.
PATTERN OF
INHERITANCE
• Complete dominance
• Incomplete dominance,
• Co-dominance,
• Multiple alleles,
• Polygenic inheritance (polygenic cross)
• Epistasis (interpretation of phenotypes and
genotypes)
• The concept of prepotency and atavism with
relevant examples
Variation and mutation
• Define genetic terminology; variation, mutation
• Types of variation
Continuous variation
--Define and link to quantitative traits
--Indicate the type of graphs( Line and Histogram)
Discontinuous variation
--Define and link with qualitative traits
--Indicate type of graph (Pie Chart and Bar graph)
• Identify and describe the importance of variation
• Discuss the external (environmental) and internal (genetic)
causes of variation
• Identify the types of mutagenic agents and their effects
(changes in chromosome structures)
• Types of chromosomal mutations
Selection and Breeding
• Definition of Selection
• Principles of selection:
---Biometrics, heritability and estimated breeding
values (EBVs),

• Calculations of EBV and genetic gain

• Selection methods : Pedigree, Mass, Family and


Progeny
Breeding Systems
• Identify and describe different breeding
systems (with relevant examples)
• Inbreeding,
• Line-breeding,
• Cross breeding,
• Upgrading,
• Species crossing,
• Out-crossing
• Advantages and disadvantages of each
breeding system
Differentiating Cross
Breeding from Out
Crossing
• Cross breeding : Two different breeds
Shorthorn Cow x Afrikaner Bull = Bonsmara
• OUT CROSSING:
Two similar breeds but different family
lines
Afrikaner bull from Farmer Z crossed
with Afrikaner Cow from farmer Y.
Genetic
modification/Genetic
• Engineering
Definition of Genetic engineering and GMO
• Aims of genetic engineering
• Advantages of genetic engineering over
Traditional / conventional breeding methods
• Techniques(Candidates must be able to give a
brief description of each technique)
• Advantages of genetic modification
• Disadvantages or Risks( Categorise)
Environmental risks
Health risks
Socio-economic risks
THANK YOU

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