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15. Text as an object of syntactic study

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30 views

15. Text as an object of syntactic study

Uploaded by

gulkhayo zaylobiddinova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Text as an object

of syntactic study.
Topics to be discussed
• 1. Definition to the term text.
• 2. Textlinguistics
• 3. 7 standards of textuality (1. cohesion, 2,
coherence, 3. intentionality, 4. acceptability, 5.
informativity, 6. contextuality, 7. intertextuality. )
• 4. deixis
Definition

• The list od definitions could be very long


Textlinguistics

• Textlinguistics is concerned with the


analysis of formal and structural features
of the text.
Seven standards of textuality
• According to researchers a text “... will be
defined as a communicative occurrence which
meets seven standards of textuality”. The seven
standards referred to are: cohesion, coherence,
intentionality, acceptability, informativity,
contextuality and intertextuality.
Intentionality and
acceptability
• Intentionality and acceptability are generally regarded as a
‘pair’ of principles. In any text there is a producer who has the
intention to produce a sound piece of information to a
receptor. The receptor, on his or her part needs to be willing
to accept the proffered text as a communicative text. In order
to do this both producer and addressee have to adhere to the
pragmatic cooperative principle which states that one has to
make the maximum effort to enable a piece of intended
communication to be a success. Knowledge of pragmatic
principles therefore makes this aspect of textuality ‘work’ or
not.
For example
• For example, the bell telephone company warns people:
• Call us before you dig. You may not be able to afterwards.
(intentionality)
• People are left to infer the information on their own, which is:
• Call us before you dig. There might be an underground cable.
If you break the cable, you won’t have phone service, and you
may get a severe electric shock. Then you won’t be able to call
us. (acceptability)
Informativity
• Informativity broadly has to do with the
way in which parts of the text have
communicative value. For example: a
definite expression like the man with the
golden gun has more communicative value
than a pronoun like him/his..
Contextuality
• Contextuality focuses on the very important role the context
plays in any form of communication. Trask (1995:68) is quite
emphatic in this regard when he states that “Every text - that
is everything that is said and written - unfolds in some
context of use”. This in effect means that in every situation in
which language is used, the quality and effect of the
communication is determined by the contextual knowledge
shared by the participants.
Intertextuality
• Intertextuality is the least linguistic principle of all the
principles of textuality. This principle usually has to do with
the study of literature and it literally means that the
formation and understanding of one text will be influenced
by the structure of another text similar to it. If for example
you read a poem it will be reasonable to expect of you to
understand that poem if you have read others poems in the
past. This is why a newspaper is accepted as a newspaper
because of past experience with the genre of newspapers,
etc.

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