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Kraków
By Julia Tomala
 History: Kraków has been an important settlement since the
7th century. It became the capital of Poland in 1038
Early History
and remained the capital until 1596 when it was
replaced by Warsaw.
The city flourished as a royal seat, with the construction of
Medieval Period many notable buildings, including Wawel Castle and St.
Mary’s Basilica.
Kraków played a significant role in Polish history,
especially during World War II. It was occupied by Nazi
Modern History Germany, and the nearby Auschwitz-Birkenau
concentration camp is a somber reminder of the city’s
wartime past.

After the war, Kraków became a center for education,

culture, and tourism. The city was designated a UNESCO
Post-War
World Heritage Site in 1978, helping to preserve its
 Introduction
Kraków is located in
southern Poland, situated
on the Vistula River. It is
the capital of the Lesser
Poland Voivodeship and
one of Poland’s most
important cultural and
historical cities.
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 Population

Kraków has a population of about 780,000 people,

making it the second-largest city in Poland. It’s also a
key cultural and academic center, attracting people
from all over the world.

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 Tourist Facilities

Kraków is well-
equipped for tourism,
with numerous
hotels, hostels, and
restaurants catering
to all budgets. The
city also has modern
infrastructure for
visitors, including
transportation
services, guided
Map tours, and
information centers.
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Industrial
While Kraków has
historically been an
industrial hub, especially in
metallurgy and
manufacturing, its economy
today is more focused on
services, education,
culture, and tourism. The
city is home to a growing
tech industry and numerous
multinational companies.
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How to Get There?
By Air: Kraków is served by John Paul II Kraków-Balice
International Airport, located about 11 km from the city
center, offering international and domestic flights.

By Train: Kraków is well connected by rail with

direct routes to major cities in Poland.

By Car: The city is accessible by major highways,

including the A4 motorway, which connects Kraków
to Wrocław and the German border.
What to Visit?
Let's see...
 Wawel Castle
 This iconic royal castle
is one of Poland’s most
important landmarks,
offering stunning
architecture, art
collections, and
historical significance.

Photo from: Magiczny Kraków

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 Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)

 One of the largest medieval

town squares in Europe,
surrounded by beautiful
historic buildings like St.
Mary’s Basilica and the Cloth
Hall.

Photo from:Property News

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 St. Mary’s Basilica
 Known for its stunning
Gothic architecture and
the famous trumpet call
(Hejnał Mariacki) played
every hour from the
tower.

Photo from: Polish Travel Agency

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 Kazimierz District
 The historic Jewish
quarter, rich in history,
with synagogues,
Jewish cemeteries, and
vibrant cultural life.

Photo from: Wikipedia

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 The Jagiellonian University
 One of the oldest universities
in Europe, it’s known for its
beautiful medieval buildings
and contribution to education
and research.

Photo from: Radio ESKA

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 The Kraków Zoo
 One of the oldest and most
interesting zoological parks in
Poland. It’s located on the Wielka
Kropa Hill in the Bielany district,
within the Bielany-Tyniec Landscape
Park, offering a beautiful natural
setting with scenic views over the
city and the nearby Vistula River.

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Legends...
The Wawel Dragon:
A famous Kraków legend tells the story of a
dragon that once lived in a cave beneath Wawel
Hill. According to the tale, the dragon terrorized
the city until a clever cobbler tricked it into
eating a poisoned sheep, which caused the
dragon to explode.

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The Legend of King
Krakus:
The city is named after King Krakus, who is said to
have founded Kraków. The legend tells that Krakus
defeated the dragon and built a city in its place.

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The Hejnał Mariacki:
The trumpet call played from St. Mary’s Basilica’s
tower is said to have been interrupted by an archer
who was shot in the throat while trying to warn the
city of a Mongol invasion. This is why the tune ends
abruptly.

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Famous people connected
with Kraków...
 Tomasz Fornal
Tomasz Fornal is a Polish
volleyball player who plays as
an OH. Born on August 31, 1997
in Kraków, where he took his
first volleyball steps. Currently
playing for Jastrzębski Węgiel,
won the Polish championship
with them. He represented the
country at the Olympic in Paris,
winning the silver medal with
his team. Named the second
best volleyball player in the
world in 2024.
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 Wisława Szymborska
Wisława Szymborska, born in
1923, was a Nobel Prize-
winning poet and essayist. She
was a major figure in Polish
literature, celebrated for her
philosophical poetry that often
explored human existence,
history, and the absurdities of
life. Szymborska lived most of
her life in Kraków, and the city
is central to her literary
identity. She passed away in
2012, and her legacy continues
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to be honored in Kraków. 2 0 X X
 Karol Wojtyła
Perhaps the most internationally
recognized figure born in the
vicinity of Kraków, Karol
Wojtyła, later known as Pope
John Paul II, was born in
Wadowice, just outside Kraków,
in 1920. While his birthplace is
technically Wadowice, he spent
much of his life in Kraków and
was deeply connected to the city.
He served as the Archbishop of
Kraków before becoming the
Pope and played a pivotal role in
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 Andrzej Wajda
The film director and
screenwriter, Andrzej Wajda,
born in 1926 in Suwałki, spent
much of his life in Kraków.
Although not born in the city,
Wajda was highly influential in
shaping the cultural landscape
of Kraków with his work on
Polish cinema and history. He
was a prominent figure in the
world of Polish film, known for
his works like Ashes and
Diamonds and Man of Marble.
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 Jan Matejko
Jan Matejko (1838–1893),
one of Poland's most
famous painters, was born
in Kraków. Known for his
large historical paintings
depicting significant events
from Polish history,
Matejko’s works are now
displayed in the Royal
Castle on Wawel Hill and
other places in Kraków. He
is widely regarded as one of
Poland’s most important
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 Kraków is a city that beautifully blends history, culture, and
modernity. From its medieval streets and royal history to vibrant
festivals and contemporary art scene, there’s something for every
visitor. Whether you’re exploring historic landmarks, enjoying the
lively atmosphere, or reflecting at sites of historical significance,
Kraków offers a deep and unforgettable experience.

information from:
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