INTRODUCTION TO E

IEL – 12
Section - CK
 TOPIC
PRINTED CIRCUIT
BOARDS (PCB)
What are PCBs ?
A printed circuit board is a rigid structure that
contains electrical circuitry made up of
embedded metal surfaces called traces and
larger areas of metal called planes.
Made of
Backbone of Non- laminate
electrical conductive materials such
devices board as fiberglass
and epoxy
History of PCBs
The
PCBs were first revolutionary
developed invention was
during the made by an
second world Austrian
war. engineer, Paul
Eisler.

Since 1929,
They were first
PCBs have
used in
been mass
transformers
produced for
and
commercial
capacitors.
applications.
 Types of PCBs
Double-
Sided
PCBs.
Single- Multilaye
Sided r PCBs.
PCBs.

Rigid-
Rigid
Flex
PCBs.
PCBs.
Flex
PCBs.
 Single sided PCBs
A single-sided PCB is a type of PCB where the components
and conductive copper are mounted on one side and the
conductive wiring is on the other side. Single-sided PCBs are
the first-ever printed circuit board technology and are widely
used due to their simplicity in manufacturing
 Double Sided PCBs
Double sided PCBs are very similar to single sided PCBs,
except that they have two sided traces with a top and
bottom layer. These boards can mount conductive copper
and components on both sides of the circuit board, which
allows the traces to cross over each other.
 Multilayer PCBs
A multilayer PCB is a printed circuit board (PCB) with
more than two layers of conductive material. They are
made up of multiple layers of double-sided circuit
boards, bonded together with insulating layers.
 Rigid PCBs
Rigid PCBs are a form of circuit board which are solid and
inflexible in their structure and therefore cannot be bent or
flexed. They're made up of several different layers, such as a
substrate layer, a copper layer, a solder mask layer and a silk
screen layer, which are joined together via adhesive and
heat.
 Flex PCBs
A flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) is a bendable circuit
board that's made from a flexible material. It's also known
as a flexible circuit board, flexible electronics, or flex
circuit.
 Rigid – Flex PCBs
A Rigid-Flex PCB is a hybrid circuit board combining elements
of both flexible circuit boards and rigid circuit boards, with an
end result of a board that is able to be folded or continuously
flexed and is normally formed into a flexed shape or curve
during the manufacturing process.
Components of PCBs
Resistors: Limit current
Capacitors: Store and release energy
Diodes: Control current flow
Transistors: Amplify or switch signals
Integrated circuits: Handle complex tasks
Inductors: Manage magnetic energy
Connectors: Link external devices
How to place PCB components?

Don’t Place Reduce Separate

Understand Integrated Connectivit the Leave
Mechanical Circuits Too y Routes to different enough
Constraints Close a areas from space for
. Together. Minimum. each other. the traces.

Consider Use a Group Keep the

Assembly standard component component
Constraints orientation s by s away
. for the function. from heat
component sources.
s.
 PCBs Material Options
1) FR-4 :-

A woven glass fiber epoxy compound with fire retardant properties

The most commonly used PCB dielectric material

2) Polyimide :-

A polymer that's resistant to heat, chemicals, and electricity

A good choice for applications that involve high temperatures and harsh chemicals

3) PTFE :-

A synthetic resin material also known as Teflon

Often used in high-speed electronic projects, especially those that use radiofrequency and microwave signals

4) Copper clad laminate (CCL) :-

The main raw material for PCBs

Made from copper foil and PP at certain temperatures and pressures

Advantages of PCBs

1) high reliability

2) compact design

3) cost-effectiveness for mass

production

4) ability to handle complex circuitry

5) improved thermal management

6) reduced risk of short circuits

7) the ability to integrate various

electronic components in a well-
organized manner
Disadvantages of PCBs

Cost: The cost of

Complex repairs: Multi- materials and
layer PCBs can be sturdy manufacturing can be
but repairs can be high, which may make
difficult them unsuitable for
certain applications

Incorrect capacitor
Age: Components can
placement: If
age and break down,
decoupling capacitors
causing issues like
are not placed correctly,
leaking current and
the power supply may
decreased resistance
be unstable

Contamination: Contami
Insufficient spacing: If
nants like dust, solder
copper edges are too close
splatter, and flux residues
together, they can short
can cause short circuits
circuit or corrode
and corrosion
Real life applications of PCBs

•Consumer Electronics – PCs, smartphones, tablets, televisions.

•Automotive Industry – Engine control units (ECUs), safety systems,
infotainment.
•Medical Devices – MRI machines, pacemakers, diagnostic tools.
•Aerospace and Defense – Satellites, radar systems, military communications.
•Renewable Energy – Solar panels, wind turbines, energy storage systems.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, PCBs are the foundation of
modern electronic devices, enabling compact
and reliable circuit designs. As technology
continues to advance, PCBs are evolving to
support higher speeds, miniaturization, and
more complex functions. The demand for eco-
friendly and sustainable PCB manufacturing
practices is growing. With future trends like 5G
and IoT, the role of PCBs will become even more
Thank you