Introduction to C++

Programming and Preview

of other Programming
Languages
Prepared by: Eric Alipan
 What is a Programming Language?
• A set of instructions used to
communicate with a cCo+m+ pOuvetervr.iew

• Translates human ideas into a format the

computer understands.
 C++ Overview
• General-purpose, high-level programming
language.
• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at
Bell Labs.
• Combines features of both high-level and low-
level
languages.
Programming Paradigms:
Types & Differences
 Imperative Paradigm
• Focuses on describing a sequence of steps to
achieve a goal.

Examples: C, C++, Java.

 Declarative Paradigm
• Focuses on describing what the program
should accomplish rather than how.

Examples: SQL, Prolog.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Organizes data and behavior into
objects.

Examples: C++, Java, Python.

 Functional Programming
• Focuses on mathematical functions and avoids
mutable data.

Examples: Haskell, Scala, F#.

 C++ Programming Language Type and Level

Type Level Key Features

Multi-paradigm High-level Object-Oriented:
(supports language (but also Supports classes,
inheritance,
procedural, object- allows low- level
polymorphism.
oriented, and operations like direct Generic Programming:
generic memory access). Uses templates for type
programming). safety and flexibility.
Historical Perspective of C++
• 1979: Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell
Labs as “C with Classes.”

•1983: Renamed to C++ and

standardized.

•Key Milestones:
1985: First commercial version.
1990s: Introduction of Standard Template Library
(STL).
2011: C++11 standard introduced, with major
updates.
 Basic C++ Program Structure

General Structure:

•Preprocessor Directives: Include necessary

libraries.
•Main Function: Entry point of the program.
•Statements/Expressions: The actual
operations
performed.
 Basic C++ Program Structure

Exampl
e:
#include Preprocessor
<iostream> // directive
int main() { // Main
function
std::cout << “Hello, World!” << Outp
statement
std::endl; // ut
return 0; // Return
statement
}
 Creating a Simple “Hello World” Program

01 Include the iostream

library to use
input/output functions.
02 Define the main
function where
execution begins.

03 Output the “Hello

World” message
04 Return 0 to
indicate successful
using std::cout. execution.
 Creating a Simple “Hello World” Program

Example:

#include

<iostream> int

main() {
std::cout << “Hello World!” <<
std::endl; return 0;
}
Preview of Other Programming
Languages
 Preview of Other Programming Languages

• Java: Object-oriented, widely used in enterprise applications.

• Python: High-level, interpreted language known for its readability and
simplicity.
• JavaScript: Essential for web development, both client-side and server-side.
• Rust: Focuses on memory safety and concurrency, a systems programming
language.
• Go: Developed by Google, known for its simplicity and concurrency support.
 Thanks!
Does anyone have any
questions?
[email protected]
+91 620 421 838
yourwebsite.com

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Data Types, Variables,
Expressions, and
Assignment

Prepared by: Eric Alipan

 What are Data Types?
• Data types define the kind of data that a
variable can hold.
 Types of Data Types
• Primitive: Built-in types like integers,
floats, and characters.
•Derived: Arrays, pointers, and references.
•User-Defined: Structures, classes, and
enumerations.
Common Data Types in C++
Common Data Types in C++
 Variables
• A variable is a named memory location that
stores a value.
 Variables
•Rules for Naming Variables:

Must start with a letter or underscore.

Can contain letters, digits, and
underscores.
Case-sensitive (e.g., MyVar and myvar are
different).
 Expressions
• An expression is a combination of variables,
constants, and operators that produce a value.
 Expressions
• Types of
Expressions:

Arithmetic: x + y,
a * b Relational: x
> y, a == b
Logical: x & & y, a |
b
 Assignment
• The process of assigning a value to a
variable.
•Syntax:
variable = value;
•Compound Assignment Operators:
+=, -=, *=, /=, %=
 Combining All Concepts
Code Example:

#include
<iostream> using
namespace std;
int main() {
int num1 = 10; Variable declaration and assignment
// Another variable
float num2
result = num1
20.5; + Expression
num2;
cout << //.“Result: “ << result <<
//
endl; // Output
return 0;
}
Syntax and Semantic

Prepared by: Eric Alipan

 Syntax consists of the formal rules that specify how statements in a
programming language should be structured, ensuring code is written
in a recognizable format.

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a programming language, essential enhance readability and exit a function, which must not be
for writing valid code. maintainability of the code. used as identifiers.

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calculations. syntax rules.
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Syntax Errors: Compilation

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Semantics: Ensures correct program
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code is essential for highlighting to visually cause significant delays in
readability, making it differentiate code elements, development by preventing
easier for developers to aiding programmers in code from compiling,
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each other's work. variables, functions, and syntax checks.
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consistency, addressing difference between error. semantic checks.
issues like type checking syntactic and
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Engagement for C++ Programming understanding of covering crucial C++ stay informed about the
syntax and semantics, topics such as pointers, latest advancements in
including books, functions, and C+ + programming.
online courses, and templates, alongside
forums that provide user- contributed articles
valuable insights. that provide diverse
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Impartanra of community support

Engaging with the community is essential for mastering
programming concepts such as syntax and semantics,
providing a supportive environment for learning.

Participating in forums can yield valuable insights, foster

collaboration, and enhance understanding through shared
experiences and knowledge.

Mighlightingrplusplus.HamCommunity
The cpIuspIus.com community forum serves as an excellent
resource where programmers can ask questions, share
knowledge, and help one another tackle C++ programming
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structure of code, the code. It is essential for writing correct and provides valuable community can
ensuring that it is for understanding what efficient programs. A insights and examples provide additional
written correctly to be the code is intended small syntax error can that can enhance support and
interpreted by the to accomplish during lead to runtime issues, understanding of both knowledge,
compiler. execution. while semantic errors syntax and semantics facilitating
can result in in C++. continuous learning
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