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The Bernouilli Principle and its application in Aerodynamics

The document discusses the Bernoulli Principle, a key concept in fluid dynamics that explains the relationship between pressure, velocity, and potential energy in moving fluids. It highlights the principle's applications in aerodynamics, including lift generation for airplane wings, the Venturi effect in pipes, and flow measurement with Pitot tubes. The document emphasizes how these principles govern fluid flow and lead to practical innovations in various systems.

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12 views12 pages

The Bernouilli Principle and its application in Aerodynamics

The document discusses the Bernoulli Principle, a key concept in fluid dynamics that explains the relationship between pressure, velocity, and potential energy in moving fluids. It highlights the principle's applications in aerodynamics, including lift generation for airplane wings, the Venturi effect in pipes, and flow measurement with Pitot tubes. The document emphasizes how these principles govern fluid flow and lead to practical innovations in various systems.

Uploaded by

nursingservice.scch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Physics Project :

THE BERNOUILLI PRINCIPLE


AND ITS APPLICATION IN
AERODYNAMICS
Presented by:
Chris Ruby Jane Conahap
Ena Marie Cain
Dianne Andrea Decena
Jirah Sison
Therza Frances Charisse Miller
Henri Serna
Bernoulli Principle
The Bernoulli Principle is a fundamental
concept in fluid dynamics that describes the
relationship between the pressure, velocity, Final
and potential energy of a moving fluid. It Position

states that in a steady, incompressible, and


non-viscous flow, the total mechanical energy
along a streamline is constant. This total
energy is the sum of the pressure energy,
kinetic energy (due to the velocity of the
fluid), and potential energy (due to the height
of the fluid).
Mathematically, the Bernoulli equation is written
as:

v
The principle is based on the conservation
of mechanical energy for flowing fluids,
which implies that the total energy (sum of
pressure energy, kinetic energy, and
potential energy) in a streamline flow
remains constant.
Key Effects:
1.Faster Fluid, Lower Pressure: In a streamlined flow, when the fluid speeds
up, its pressure decreases. For example, air moving faster over the top of
an airplane wing creates lower pressure, helping to generate lift.
2.Slower Fluid, Higher Pressure: Conversely, where the fluid slows down,
pressure increases.
Insights from the Bernoulli
Principle: Conservation of Energy: The Bernoulli principle
Pressure and Velocity Relationship: As the

0 velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure


decreases, and vice versa. This means that in
0 essentially expresses the conservation of
energy in a fluid flow. As fluid moves along a
regions of higher velocity, there is lower streamline, its energy is conserved, so any

1 pressure, and in regions of slower velocity,


there is higher pressure.
2 change in one type of energy (like velocity or
height) will cause an adjustment in the others
to keep the total constant.

Formu
la

K₁ +U₁ =
K2+U2
Example:
• If a fluid flows through a pipe that narrows, the velocity of the fluid will increase in the narrower section. According to
Bernoulli’s principle, this increase in velocity will cause a decrease in the pressure in that section of the pipe,
provided the flow remains steady.
Applications of Bernoulli
Principle
1. Airplane Wings (Lift Generation):

The Bernoulli Principle is crucial in aerodynamics, particularly in explaining how airplanes


generate lift. The shape of an airplane wing (airfoil) is designed so that air flows faster over the
top surface than beneath it. According to Bernoulli’s principle, faster-moving air above the wing
creates lower pressure, while the slower air beneath the wing creates higher pressure. The
difference in pressure results in an upward force known as lift, which helps the airplane stay in
the air.

These applications highlight how Bernoulli’s principle governs the flow of fluids, whether gases or liquids, in various systems, leading to innovations and designs
that take advantage of pressure and velocity relationships.
Applications of Bernoulli
Principle
2. Venturi Effect (Fluid Flow in Pipes):

The Venturi effect occurs when a fluid flows through a pipe that narrows (a constriction). As the
fluid passes through the narrower section, its speed increases, and according to Bernoulli's
principle, its pressure decreases. This phenomenon is used in devices such as carburetors, fuel
injectors, and in certain medical devices like ventilators.

These applications highlight how Bernoulli’s principle governs the flow of fluids, whether gases or liquids, in various systems, leading to innovations and designs
that take advantage of pressure and velocity relationships.
Applications of Bernoulli
Principle

3. Flow Measurement (Pitot Tubes):

A Pitot tube is an instrument used to measure the velocity of


fluid flow, often used in aviation to determine airspeed. The
tube has two openings: one facing the flow of air and one
perpendicular to it. The difference in pressure between the two
openings, which follows Bernoulli's principle, is used to
calculate the speed of the fluid (air) based on the pressure
change.

These applications highlight how Bernoulli’s principle governs the flow of fluids, whether gases or liquids, in various systems, leading to innovations and designs
that take advantage of pressure and velocity relationships.
Applications of Bernoulli
Principle
4. Aircraft and Helicopter Rotor Blades:
The principles of Bernoulli also apply to helicopter rotor blades. As the rotors spin, the air above the
blades moves faster than the air below, generating lift and enabling the helicopter to hover or take off
vertically.

5. Spray Paints and Atomizers:


In spray paint cans or perfume atomizers, Bernoulli's principle is applied. When air is blown through a
nozzle, it speeds up and creates a drop in pressure. This lower pressure causes the liquid (paint or
perfume) to be drawn up into the stream of fast-moving air, allowing it to be sprayed as a fine mist.

These applications highlight how Bernoulli’s principle governs the flow of fluids, whether gases or liquids, in various systems, leading to innovations and designs
that take advantage of pressure and velocity relationships.
Real-World A real-world example of the Bernoulli Principle in aerodynamics is the lift
generation on an airplane wing (airfoil). This is one of the most common and

Examples
practical applications of the principle in aviation.

Example: Lift on an Airplane Wing


1. Wing Shape (Airfoil) and Flow Over It:
An airplane's wing is typically designed with a curved upper surface and a flatter lower surface. When air flows over the wing,
the flow speed differs above and below the wing due to its shape:
• The air moving over the top surface of the wing has to travel a longer path and speeds up.
• The air moving under the bottom surface moves more slowly.
2. Pressure Difference (Bernoulli Effect):
According to the Bernoulli Principle, where the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases.
• The faster-moving air over the top of the wing results in a lower pressure on the upper surface.
• The slower-moving air beneath the wing results in higher pressure on the lower surface.
3. Creation of Lift:
This pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing generates an upward force called lift. The higher
pressure under the wing pushes the wing upwards towards the lower pressure above it, allowing the aircraft to stay in the air
or gain altitude.
Real-World this principle is responsible for allowing airplanes to achieve sustained flight.

Implications The design of the wing shape (airfoil) is specifically optimized to create the
necessary speed difference between the top and bottom surfaces, producing
enough lift to counteract the weight of the airplane.

• Venturi Effect in Carburetors: The Venturi effect, a


direct consequence of Bernoulli's principle, is used in
the design of carburetors and fuel injection systems. In
these devices, a constriction in the airflow causes an
increase in velocity and a decrease in pressure, which
helps draw fuel into the airflow, creating the proper
fuel-air mixture for combustion in the engine.

The lift on an airplane wing is a classic and everyday


example of the Bernoulli Principle in action in the real
world of aerodynamics
Thank
you!
Do you have any questions?

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