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DBMS

The document discusses various data models, including file-based, hierarchical, network, and relational models, highlighting their structures, advantages, and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of data modeling in organizing data for different users and facilitating interaction among stakeholders. Additionally, it compares the hierarchical, network, and relational models, detailing their characteristics and data manipulation capabilities.

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Jannatul Ferdous Zoti
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2 views

DBMS

The document discusses various data models, including file-based, hierarchical, network, and relational models, highlighting their structures, advantages, and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of data modeling in organizing data for different users and facilitating interaction among stakeholders. Additionally, it compares the hierarchical, network, and relational models, detailing their characteristics and data manipulation capabilities.

Uploaded by

Jannatul Ferdous Zoti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different

Data
Models
Group Members: To:
Sarbajit Paul Bappy (222-15-6155) Tamanna Sultana
Rittik Chandra Das Turjy (222-15-6289) Lecturer
Maruf Rahman (222-15-6212) Department of CSE
Most. Jannatul Firdousi Zoti (222-15- Daffodil International
6145) University
Table of
Content
•
•
Data Modeling
Importance of Data Modeling
• Types of Data Modeling
• File-Based Approach
• Hierarchical Model
• Network Model
• Relational Model
• Difference among Hierarchical,
Network and Relational Model
Data
Modeling
•A data model is a conceptual representation of
the data structures that are required by a
database.

•To use a common analogy, the data model is


equivalent to an architect's building plans.

•A data model is independent of hardware or


software constraints.
Importance
of Data
Models
• Data models
⚬ Representations, usually graphical, of complex
real-world data structures.
⚬ Facilitate interaction among the designer,
application programmer, and the end user.

• End-users have different views and needs for data.

• Data model organizes data for various users


Types of Data
Models
File based Hierarchical Network Relational
approach Model Model Model

ER Model Object Oriented Object Deductive/


Model Relational Inference Model
Model
File-Based
Approach
A collection of un-related files and a collection of application
programs that perform services for the end-users, such as the
production of reports. Each program defines and manages its
own data
1. Traditionally each department in a company would
maintain its own collection of files.
2. The data processing department would write programs for
each application each office needed performed.

Limitatio
• Separation and isolation of data
ns
• Duplication of data
• Incompatible File Formats
• Data dependence
• Fixed queries/proliferation of application
programs
• Inability to generate timely reports
Hierarchical
Model
• Oldest data base model. (1950's)
• Tree structure is most frequently occurring
relationship.
• Organize data elements as tabular rows.

Advantages: Disadvantage
s:
• Simplicity • Implementation complexity
• Data security • Database management problem:
• Data Integrity maintaining difficult
• Efficiency: When contains large no of • Lack of structural independence
relations • programming complexity
Network
Model
• Graph structure
• Allow more connection between nodes
• Ex: A employee work for two department is not
possible in hierarchical model, but here it is possible

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Conceptual simplicity • System Complexity
• Handle more relationships • Absence of structural
• Ease of data access independence
• Data Integrity
• Data independence
• Database standards
Relational
Model
• Data in the form of table
• Each table → application entity
• Each row → instances of that entity
• SQL serves as a uniform interface for users providing a
collection of standard expression for storing and retrieving
data column
• Most popular database model
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Structural independence • Hardware Overheads (Today it is not
• Conceptual simplicity a big deal...)
• Design, implementation, • Ease of design leads to bad design
maintenance and usage ease • Information island phenomena
• Query capability ⚬ It will prevent information
⚬ Very powerful integrity
⚬ Flexible ⚬ Cause redundancy
⚬ Easy to use query capability ⚬ Cause inconsistency
Comparison between hierarchical model,
network model and relational model
Characteristic Hierarchical Network Relational
model model model
• One to many or one to one • Allowed the network model to • One to One, One to Many,
relationships. support many to many Many to many
Data • Based on parent child relationships. relationships.
Structure relationship. • A record can have many parents • Based on relational data
as well as many children. structure

• Does not provide an • CODASYL (Conference on Data • Relational databases are


independent stand alone Systems Languages). what brings many sources
Data
query interface . • Retrieve algorithms are complex into a common query (such
Manipulation • Retrieve algorithms are as SQL).
and symmetric.
complex and asymmetric. • Retrieve algorithms are
simple and symmetric.
• Cannot insert the information • Does not suffer form any insertion • Does not suffer form any
Data Integrity of a child who does not have anomaly. insertion anomaly.
any parent. • Free from update anomalies. • Free from update anomalies.
• Deletion of parent results in • Free from delete anomalies. • Free from delete anomalies.
deletion of child records.
Why the
Relational Model?
• Tables are basic building blocks of a relational database.
• Keys are central to the use of relational tables.
• Keys define functional dependencies
⚬ Candidate key
⚬ Primary key
⚬ Secondary key
⚬ Foreign key
• Each table row must have a primary key which uniquely identifies all attributes
• Tables can be linked by common attributes. Thus, the primary key of one table can
appear as the foreign key in another table to which it is linked
• The relational model supports relational algebra functions: SELECT, DELETE, LIKE,
UPDATE, OR AND.
• Good design begins by identifying appropriate entities and attributes and the
relationships among the entities.
Thank You
So Much

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