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Ch01_Lecture 2 Binary Number System(1)

The document discusses the representation of information in computers using various number systems, primarily focusing on binary, decimal, and base systems. It explains how numbers are expressed in these systems and provides examples of conversions between them. Additionally, it introduces the concept of bits in binary numbers and their significance in digital systems.

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2 views

Ch01_Lecture 2 Binary Number System(1)

The document discusses the representation of information in computers using various number systems, primarily focusing on binary, decimal, and base systems. It explains how numbers are expressed in these systems and provides examples of conversions between them. Additionally, it introduces the concept of bits in binary numbers and their significance in digital systems.

Uploaded by

reve8ls
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals

Chapter 1: Digital Systems and Information

Number System
Number System

 We know that all information in the computer is


represented in binary form

 Operands used for calculations may be expressed in


the binary number system or in the decimal system
by means of a binary code

 The letters of the alphabet are also converted into a


binary code
Number System

 The decimal number system is employed in everyday


arithmetic to represent numbers by strings of digits

 Depending on its position in the string, each digit has


an
associated value of an integer raised to the power of
10

 For example, the decimal number 724.5 is interpreted


to represent 7 hundreds plus 2 tens plus 4 units plus 5
tenths.
Number System
Number System

 The decimal number system is said to be of


base or radix 10, because the coefficients
are multiplied by powers of 10 and the
system uses 10 distinct digits

 In general, a number in base r contains r


digits, 0, 1, 2, . . ., r-1, and is expressed as
a power series in r with the general form

An – 1 rn-1 + An - 2rn-2 + … + A1 r1 +A0 r0 + A- 1 r-1 + A- 2 r-2 + … +A- m + 1 r-m+1 +A- m r-m


Number System

 When the number is expressed in positional notation, only


coefficients and the radix point are written down
An – 1 An – 2 …A1A0.A- 1 A- 2…A- m + 1 A- m

 In general, the “ . ” is called the radix point. An - 1 is


referred to as the most significant digit (msd) and A-m as
the least significant digit (lsd) of the number

 Note that if m = 0, the lsd is A-0 = A0


Number System

 The following illustrates a base 5 number with n = 3 and


m = 1 and its conversion to decimal
(312.4)5 = 3*52 + 1*51+ 2*50+ 4*5-1
= 75 + 5 + 2 + 0.8 = (82.8) 10
 The base 5 system uses only five digits i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
So, the coefficients can only be i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

 Three number systems are used in computer work:


binary, octal, and hexadecimal
Binary Number System

 The binary number system is a base 2 system with two digits: 0


and 1
 A binary number such as 11010.11 is expressed with a string of
1s and 0s and, possibly, a binary point
 The decimal equivalent of a binary number can be found by
expanding the number into a power series with a base of 2. For
example
(11010) 2 = 1 * 24 + 1 * 23 + 0 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 * 20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 = (26) 10
Binary Number System

 The digits in a binary number are called bits. When a bit is equal to 0,
it does not contribute to the sum during the conversion
 Binary to decimal conversion examples
(11010) 2 = 1 * 24 + 1 * 23 + 1 * 21
= 16 + 8 + 2 = (26) 10
(110101.11) 2 = 1 * 25 + 1 * 24 + 1 * 22
+1*20+ 1 * 2-1+ 1 * 2-2
= 32 + 16 + 4 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.25
= (53.75) 10
Binary Number System

 In digital systems, we refer to 210 as K (kilo), 220 as


M (mega), 230 as G (giga), and 240 as T (tera). Thus,

4K = 22 *210=212 =4096
16M = 24 *220=224 =16,777,216

The first 24 numbers obtained from 2 to the power


of n are listed in Table on the next slide
Table : Powers of Two
Binary Number System

 Decimal to binary conversion of 525

625 - 512 = 113 = N1 512 = 29


113 - 64 = 49 = N2 64 = 26
49 - 32 = 17 = N3 32 = 25
17 - 16 = 1 = N4 16 = 24
1–1 = 0 = N5 1 = 20

(625) 10 = 29 +26+25+24+20
= (1001110001)
Binary Number System

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