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What is Research

Research is a systematic inquiry aimed at describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling phenomena, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods. Inductive research develops theories from specific observations, while deductive research tests existing theories through data collection. Key characteristics of research include a systematic approach, ethical considerations, logical reasoning, and a focus on accuracy.

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5 views

What is Research

Research is a systematic inquiry aimed at describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling phenomena, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods. Inductive research develops theories from specific observations, while deductive research tests existing theories through data collection. Key characteristics of research include a systematic approach, ethical considerations, logical reasoning, and a focus on accuracy.

Uploaded by

zainsardar045
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Research?

“research is a systematic inquiry to describe,


explain, predict, and control the observed
phenomenon. It involves inductive and
deductive methods.”
What are the characteristics of research?
• Good research follows a systematic approach to
capture accurate data.
• Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of
conduct while making observations or drawing
conclusions.
• The analysis is based on logical reasoning and involves
both inductive and deductive methods.
• There is an in-depth analysis of all data.
• It creates a path for generating new questions
• Accuracy is one of the most critical aspects of
research. The information must be accurate and
correct.
Research Approaches
Inductive vs Deductive Research: Difference of
Approaches

• Inductive research is a method in which the


researcher collects and analyzes data to
develop theories, concepts, or hypotheses
based on patterns and observations seen in
the data.
Inductive
• It uses a “bottom-up” method in which the
researcher starts with specific observations
and then moves on to more general theories
or ideas.
Stages of inductive research process
The three steps of the inductive research process are:
Observation:
• The first step of inductive research is to make detailed
observations of the studied phenomenon.
Pattern Recognition:
• The next step is to look at the data in detail once the
data has been collected. This means looking at the data
for patterns, themes, and relationships.
Theory Development:
• At this stage, the researcher will start to create initial
categories or concepts based on the patterns and
themes from the data analysis.
Inductive approach
What is deductive research?
• Deductive research is a type of research in
which the researcher starts with a theory,
hypothesis, or generalization and then tests it
through observations and data collection.
• It uses a top-down method in which the
researcher starts with a general idea and then
tests it through specific observations.
Stages of deductive research process

• The five steps in the process of deductive


research are:
1. Formulation of a hypothesis
2. Design of a research study
3. Collecting data
4. Analysis of data
5. Drawing conclusions
Deductive
Difference between inductive vs. deductive research

• Inductive research is exploratory, flexible, and


based on qualitative observation analysis.
Deductive research, on the other hand, is
about proving something and is structured
and based on quantitative analysis.
Definition of scientific research
• There are many definitions of scientific
research, including that it represents a
systematic method that follows many
successive steps, that start from problem
knowledge and analysis, collecting and
documenting data to derive a range of
solutions arising from the analysis
Purposes
• 1- Access to new facts:
• 2- Scientific Description:
• 3- Forecasting the future:
• 4- Provide logical solutions to problems:
What is knowledge?
Facts, information, and skills acquired through
experience or education; the theoretical or
practical understanding of a subject.
Ways of knowing
 INTUITION
 AUTHORITY
 RATIONALISM
 EMPIRICISM
 THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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